Lloyd Marianne E, Hartman Ashley, Ngo Chi T, Ruser Nicole, Westerman Deanne L, Miller Jeremy K
Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA,
Mem Cognit. 2015 Jan;43(1):39-48. doi: 10.3758/s13421-014-0449-3.
Five experiments were conducted to test whether encoding manipulations thought to encourage unitization would affect fluency attribution in associative recognition memory. Experiments 1a and 1b, which utilized a speeded recognition memory test, demonstrated that definitional encoding increased reliance on familiarity during the recognition memory test. Experiments 2a, 2b, and 3, however, replicated previous research that had shown that fluency is unlikely to be attributed as evidence of previous occurrence in associative recognition (Westerman, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 27:723-732, 2001). The results put limits on the degree to which fluency can influence recognition memory judgments, even in cases of enhanced familiarity, and are consistent with previous work suggesting that participants have preexperimental expectations about fluency that are difficult to change (e.g., Miller, Lloyd, & Westerman, Journal of Memory and Language 58:1080-1094, 2008), as well as with work suggesting that fluency has less of an influence on recognition memory decisions that are conceptual in nature (Parks, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 39:1280-1286, 2013).
进行了五项实验，以测试被认为能促进单元化的编码操作是否会影响联想识别记忆中的流畅性归因。实验1a和1b采用了快速识别记忆测试，结果表明，定义性编码增加了在识别记忆测试中对熟悉度的依赖。然而，实验2a、2b和3重复了之前的研究，该研究表明，在联想识别中，流畅性不太可能被归因于先前出现的证据（韦斯特曼，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知》27:723 - 732，2001）。这些结果限制了流畅性对识别记忆判断的影响程度，即使在熟悉度增强的情况下也是如此，并且与之前的研究一致，之前的研究表明参与者对流畅性有难以改变的实验前预期（例如，米勒、劳埃德和韦斯特曼，《记忆与语言杂志》58:1080 - 1094，2008），也与表明流畅性对本质上是概念性的识别记忆决策影响较小的研究一致（帕克斯，《实验心理学杂志：学习、记忆和认知》39:1280 - 1286，2013）。
