Chatterjee D, Hunter S W, McNeil M, Jardine I, Brennan P J
Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
Acta Leprol. 1989;7 Suppl 1:81-4.
Earlier work from this and other laboratories has revealed the presence within Mycobacterium spp. of three classes of glycolipid antigens which we have called the glycopeptidolipids, the lipooligosaccharides and the phenolic glycolipids. Representative structures of each from different species and sub-species have been proposed. More recently, new variants of these antigens and older structures have been analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, particularly at high temperatures, and, most notably, by fast atom bombardment and Californium desorption mass spectrometry. Extraordinary novelty and diversity were revealed, particularly at the distal non-reducing end of the oligosaccharide chains, marked by the presence of new branched-chain sugars, amino sugars and sugar acids. These epitopes and monoclonal antibodies to them have been used for the critical identification of mycobacteria. In addition, the pure antigens are the basis of specific serological tests for various mycobacterioses. The resurgence of interest in "atypical" mycobacteria stems from their occurrence as opportunistic pathogens in many patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, although they have long been associated with pulmonary and other organ infections. Foremost among these mycobacteria are serovars of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (the M. avium complex). The surface antigens which differentiate these serovars are glycopeptidolipids, related to "mycoside C" and, accordingly, composed of a glycosylated lipopeptide "core", fatty acyl-D-Phe-D-alloThr-D-Ala-L-acanyl-O- (3,4-di-O-methyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside), to which a haptenic oligosaccharide is linked at the threonine substituent; this oligoglycosyl unit is the source of type specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
该实验室及其他实验室早期的研究工作已揭示，分枝杆菌属中存在三类糖脂抗原，我们将其称为糖肽脂、脂寡糖和酚糖脂。已提出了来自不同种和亚种的每一类抗原的代表性结构。最近，通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振（尤其是在高温下），以及最显著的是通过快原子轰击和锎解吸质谱法，对这些抗原的新变体和旧结构进行了分析。结果显示出了非凡的新颖性和多样性，特别是在寡糖链的远端非还原端，其特征是存在新的支链糖、氨基糖和糖酸。这些表位及其单克隆抗体已用于分枝杆菌的关键鉴定。此外，纯抗原是各种分枝杆菌病特异性血清学检测的基础。对“非典型”分枝杆菌兴趣的再度兴起，源于它们在许多获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者中作为机会性病原体出现，尽管它们长期以来一直与肺部和其他器官感染有关。这些分枝杆菌中最主要的是鸟分枝杆菌-胞内分枝杆菌复合体（鸟分枝杆菌复合体）的血清型。区分这些血清型的表面抗原是糖肽脂，与“霉菌糖苷C”相关，因此由糖基化脂肽“核心”、脂肪酰基-D-苯丙氨酸-D-别苏氨酸-D-丙氨酸-L-酰基-O-（3,4-二-O-甲基-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷）组成，在苏氨酸取代基处连接有一个半抗原寡糖；这个寡糖基单元是型特异性的来源。（摘要截短于250词）
