Beijer Åsa, Degens Hans, Weber Tobias, Rosenberger André, Gehlert Sebastian, Herrera Frankyn, Kohl-Bareis Matthias, Zange Jochen, Bloch Wilhelm, Rittweger Jörn
German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine and Space Physiology, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2015 Nov;35(6):425-35. doi: 10.1111/cpf.12180. Epub 2014 Jul 21.
Whole-body vibration (WBV) training is commonly practiced and may enhance peripheral blood flow. Here, we investigated muscle morphology and acute microcirculatory responses before and after a 6-week resistive exercise training intervention without (RE) or with (RVE) simultaneous whole-body vibrations (20 Hz, 6 mm peak-to-peak amplitude) in 26 healthy men in a randomized, controlled parallel-design study. Total haemoglobin (tHb) and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) were measured in gastrocnemius muscle (GM) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2 ) was measured via spirometry, and skeletal muscle morphology was determined in soleus (SOL) muscle biopsies. Our data reveal that exercise-induced muscle deoxygenation both before and after 6 weeks training was similar in RE and RVE (P = 0.76), although VO2 was 20% higher in the RVE group (P < 0.001). The RVE group showed a 14%-point increase in reactive hyperaemia (P = 0.007) and a 27% increase in blood volume (P < 0.01) in GM after 6 weeks of training. The number of capillaries around fibres was increased by 15% after 6 weeks training in both groups (P < 0.001) with no specific effect of superimposed WBV (P = 0.61). Neither of the training regimens induced fibre hypertrophy in SOL. The present findings suggest an increased blood volume and vasodilator response in GM as an adaptation to long-term RVE, which was not observed after RE alone. We conclude that RVE training enhances vasodilation of small arterioles and possibly capillaries. This effect might be advantageous for muscle thermoregulation and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to exercising muscle and removal of carbon dioxide and metabolites.
全身振动（WBV）训练是一种常见的训练方式，可能会促进外周血流。在此，我们在一项随机对照平行设计研究中，对26名健康男性进行了为期6周的阻力运动训练干预，一组无全身振动（RE），另一组同时进行全身振动（20Hz，峰 - 峰值振幅6mm，RVE），研究前后的肌肉形态和急性微循环反应。采用近红外光谱（NIRS）测量腓肠肌（GM）中的总血红蛋白（tHb）和组织氧合指数（TOI）。通过肺活量测定法测量全身耗氧量（VO₂），并在比目鱼肌（SOL）活检中确定骨骼肌形态。我们的数据显示，尽管RVE组的VO₂高20%（P < 0.001），但在6周训练前后，RE组和RVE组运动诱导的肌肉脱氧情况相似（P = 0.76）。训练6周后，RVE组GM的反应性充血增加了14个百分点（P = 0.007），血容量增加了27%（P < 0.01）。两组在训练6周后，纤维周围的毛细血管数量均增加了15%（P < 0.001），叠加WBV无特定影响（P = 0.61）。两种训练方案均未在SOL中诱导纤维肥大。目前的研究结果表明，GM中的血容量增加和血管舒张反应是对长期RVE的一种适应，单独RE后未观察到这种情况。我们得出结论，RVE训练可增强小动脉以及可能的毛细血管的血管舒张。这种效应可能有利于肌肉体温调节以及向运动肌肉输送氧气和营养物质，以及清除二氧化碳和代谢产物。
