Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Mar;45(3):602-12. doi: 10.1111/cea.12378.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two widely prevalent inflammatory diseases in the upper airways. T cell immunity has been suggested to play an important pathogenic role in many chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory upper airway diseases. Inappropriate CD4(+) T cell responses, especially the dysregulation of the Th1/Th2 balance leading to excessive Th1 or Th2 cell activation, have been associated with allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that IL-17A and IL-17A-producing Th17 cell subset, a distinct pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cell lineage, may also play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory upper airway diseases. Th17 cells may promote both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in AR and CRS. In addition, a few, but accumulating evidence shows that the Th17 responses can be tightly regulated by endogenous and exogenous substances in the context of AR and CRS. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the expression and function of the Th17 response and its regulation in inflammatory upper airway diseases, and the perspective for future investigation and clinical utility.
变应性鼻炎（AR）和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）是两种广泛存在于上呼吸道的炎症性疾病。T 细胞免疫被认为在许多慢性炎症性疾病中发挥重要的致病作用，包括炎症性上呼吸道疾病。不适当的 CD4(+)T 细胞反应，特别是导致 Th1/Th2 失衡的失调，导致过度的 Th1 或 Th2 细胞激活，与变应性鼻炎和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎有关。然而，最近的研究表明，IL-17A 和产生 IL-17A 的 Th17 细胞亚群，一种独特的促炎 CD4(+)T 细胞谱系，也可能在上呼吸道炎症性疾病的病理生理学中发挥重要作用。Th17 细胞可能在上呼吸道疾病中促进嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞炎症。此外，一些但越来越多的证据表明，在 AR 和 CRS 中，Th17 反应可以通过内源性和外源性物质进行紧密调节。这篇综述讨论了我们对 Th17 反应的表达和功能及其在上呼吸道炎症性疾病中的调节的最新认识，并展望了未来的研究和临床应用。
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