MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC; MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2014;15(2):168-75. doi: 10.3909/ricm0692.
Both coronary artery disease and influenza outbreaks contribute significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of epidemiologic studies have concluded that a temporal association exists between acute viral illnesses and myocardial infarction. Viral illnesses such as influenza can cause or exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis by activating inflammatory pathways. Data from a large case-controlled trial and two randomized controlled trials suggest that influenza vaccination in patients with coronary artery disease may lead to a decrease in incidence, morbidity, and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of the two randomized controlled trials for cardiovascular death demonstrated a pooled relative risk of 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.77) for patients who received the influenza vaccine compared with placebo.
冠心病和流感爆发均显著导致全球发病率和死亡率升高。越来越多的流行病学研究得出结论，急性病毒性疾病与心肌梗死之间存在时间关联。流感等病毒性疾病可通过激活炎症途径导致或加重冠状动脉粥样硬化。一项大型病例对照试验和两项随机对照试验的数据表明，对冠心病患者进行流感疫苗接种可能会降低急性心肌梗死的发病率、发病率和死亡率。对两项随机对照试验心血管死亡的荟萃分析显示，与安慰剂相比，接受流感疫苗的患者的累积相对风险为 0.39（95%置信区间，0.20-0.77）。
