Tekleghiorghis T, Moormann R J M, Weerdmeester K, Dekker A
Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
National Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Asmara, Eritrea.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Apr;63(2):136-51. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12248. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
In Africa, for the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), more information is needed on the spread of the disease at local, regional and inter-regional level. The aim of this review is to identify the role that animal husbandry, trade and wildlife have on the transmission of FMD and to provide a scientific basis for different FMD control measures in Africa. Review of literature, published reports and databases shows that there is more long distance spread of FMD virus serotypes within North, West, Central and East Africa than in southern Africa. In North, West, Central and East Africa migratory animal husbandry systems often related with search for grazing and water as well as trade are practiced to a greater extent than in southern Africa. In southern Africa, the role of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is more extensively studied than in the other parts of Africa, but based on the densities of African buffalo in Central and East Africa, one would assume that buffalo should also play a role in the epidemiology of FMD in this part of Africa. More sampling of buffalo is necessary in West, Central and East Africa. The genetic analysis of virus strains has proven to be valuable to increase our understanding in the spread of FMD in Africa. This review shows that there is a difference in FMD occurrence between southern Africa and the rest of the continent; this distinction is most likely based on differences in animal husbandry and trade systems. Insufficient data on FMD in wildlife outside southern Africa is limiting our understanding on the role wildlife plays in the transmission of FMD in the other buffalo inhabited areas of Africa.
在非洲，为了控制口蹄疫（FMD），需要更多关于该疾病在地方、区域和区域间传播的信息。本综述的目的是确定畜牧业、贸易和野生动物在口蹄疫传播中所起的作用，并为非洲不同的口蹄疫控制措施提供科学依据。对文献、已发表报告和数据库的综述表明，口蹄疫病毒血清型在非洲北部、西部、中部和东部的远距离传播比在南部非洲更为频繁。在非洲北部、西部、中部和东部，与寻找放牧地和水源以及贸易相关的游牧畜牧业系统比南部非洲更为普遍。在南部非洲，对非洲水牛（非洲野水牛）作用的研究比非洲其他地区更为广泛，但根据中部和东部非洲非洲水牛的密度，人们可以推测水牛在非洲这一地区的口蹄疫流行病学中也应发挥作用。在西部、中部和东部非洲，有必要对水牛进行更多的采样。病毒株的基因分析已被证明有助于增进我们对口蹄疫在非洲传播的理解。本综述表明，南部非洲和非洲大陆其他地区在口蹄疫发生情况上存在差异；这种差异很可能是基于畜牧业和贸易系统的不同。南部非洲以外地区野生动物口蹄疫的数据不足，限制了我们对野生动物在非洲其他有非洲水牛栖息地区口蹄疫传播中所起作用的理解。
