Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;23(10):901-11. doi: 10.1007/s00787-014-0588-x. Epub 2014 Jul 23.
Maternal risk drinking may be a risk factor for child behavior problems even if the mother has discontinued this behavior. Whether pre-pregnancy risk drinking is an independent predictor of child behavior problems, or whether a potential effect may be explained by maternal alcohol use during and after pregnancy or other adverse maternal characteristics, is not known. Employing data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), longitudinal associations between maternal pre-pregnancy risk drinking and behavior problems in toddlers aged 18 and 36 months were examined. Included in the study was mothers answering MoBa questionnaires when the child was 18 (N = 56,682) and 36 months (N = 46,756), and who had responded to questions regarding pre-pregnancy risk drinking at gestation week 17/18, using the screening instrument T-ACE. Toddler behavior problems were measured with items from Child Behavior Checklist. Associations were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression, controlling for pre and postnatal alcohol use, as well as other relevant covariates. Pre-pregnancy risk drinking was associated with child behavior problems at 18 and 36 months, even after controlling for pre and postnatal alcohol use. Maternal ADHD and anxiety and depression were the only covariates that had any substantial impact on the associations. When all covariates were included in the model, the associations were weak for internalizing behavior problems and non-significant for externalizing behavior problems. Pre-pregnancy risk drinking may predict early development of behavior problems in the offspring. This increased risk may be due to other adverse maternal characteristics associated with risk drinking, in particular co-occurring maternal psychopathology.
母亲的风险饮酒行为即使已经戒除，也可能成为儿童行为问题的一个风险因素。目前尚不清楚，妊娠前的风险饮酒行为是否是儿童行为问题的一个独立预测因素，或者这种潜在影响是否可以通过母亲在妊娠期间和妊娠后饮酒以及其他不良的母亲特征来解释。本研究利用挪威母婴队列研究（MoBa）的数据，考察了母亲妊娠前风险饮酒与 18 个月和 36 个月大的幼儿行为问题之间的纵向关联。研究纳入了在儿童 18 个月（N=56682）和 36 个月（N=46756）时回答 MoBa 问卷的母亲，以及在妊娠 17/18 周时用 T-ACE 筛查工具回答过关于妊娠前风险饮酒问题的母亲。使用儿童行为检查表的项目来测量幼儿行为问题。采用多变量逻辑回归分析关联，控制了产前和产后的饮酒情况以及其他相关协变量。即使在控制了产前和产后饮酒情况后，妊娠前的风险饮酒仍与 18 个月和 36 个月时的儿童行为问题相关。母亲的 ADHD、焦虑和抑郁是对关联有实质性影响的唯一协变量。当将所有协变量纳入模型时，内隐行为问题的关联较弱，外显行为问题的关联无统计学意义。妊娠前的风险饮酒可能预测后代早期行为问题的发展。这种风险增加可能是由于与风险饮酒相关的其他不良母亲特征引起的，特别是同时存在的母亲精神病理学。
