Jones Theodore B, Bailey Beth A, Sokol Robert J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Mar;56(1):114-23. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e31827957c0.
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy remains a common occurrence and is associated with a multitude of adverse birth and long-term outcomes. Binge drinking in particular is shown to be particularly harmful to the developing fetus. Effects include full fetal alcohol syndrome, with characteristic facial dysmorphology, growth restriction, and developmental to delays. Exposed children may also have partial fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol-related birth defects, and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. These effects are preventable, and efforts must begin with accurate identification of women who consume alcohol during pregnancy. Several screening tools have been developed and validated for use in prenatal care settings, and the most recently proposed brief and easy to use T-ACER3 has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in both identifying risk drinking during pregnancy and predicting long-term neurobehavioral outcomes in exposed children. Once identified, effective interventions are available for use with pregnant women consuming alcohol. Brief interventions, which can be delivered by a health professional and involve motivational interviewing, have been demonstrated to significantly reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy. These approaches, recommended by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG), help move patients toward increased readiness to positively change their drinking behavior. Ultimately, all prenatal care providers should routinely screen all patients for alcohol use using validated tools, and where appropriate, should offer intervention.
孕期饮酒仍然很常见，并与多种不良出生和长期后果相关。尤其是暴饮 酒对发育中的胎儿特别有害。其影响包括完全性胎儿酒精综合征，具有特征性的面部畸形、生长受限和发育迟缓。受影响的儿童也可能患有部分性胎儿酒精综合征、酒精相关的出生缺陷和酒精相关的神经发育障碍。这些影响是可以预防的，必须首先准确识别孕期饮酒的女性。已经开发并验证了几种筛查工具用于产前护理环境，最近提出的简短且易于使用的T-ACER3在识别孕期风险饮酒和预测受影响儿童的长期神经行为结果方面都表现出高敏感性和特异性。一旦识别出来，就有有效的干预措施可供饮酒的孕妇使用。简短干预可以由卫生专业人员实施并涉及动机访谈，已被证明能显著减少孕期饮酒。这些方法得到了美国妇产科医师学会（ACOG）的推荐，有助于促使患者更愿意积极改变饮酒行为。最终，所有产前护理提供者都应使用经过验证的工具对所有患者进行常规酒精使用筛查，并在适当情况下提供干预。
