Kedzierski Lukasz, Evans Krystal J
Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Pde, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Parasitology. 2014 Oct;141(12):1544-1562. doi: 10.1017/S003118201400095X.
are protozoan parasites spread by a sandfly insect vector and causing a spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The disease is a significant health problem in many parts of the world, resulting in an estimated 1·3 million new cases and 30 000 deaths annually. Current treatment is based on chemotherapy, which is difficult to administer, expensive and becoming ineffective in several endemic regions. To date there is no vaccine against leishmaniasis, although extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved upon immunization. This review focuses on immune responses to in both cutaneous and visceral forms of the disease, pointing to the complexity of the immune response and to a range of evasive mechanisms utilized by the parasite to bypass those responses. The amalgam of innate and acquired immunity combined with the paucity of data on the human immune response is one of the major problems currently hampering vaccine development and implementation.
是由白蛉昆虫媒介传播的原生动物寄生虫，可引发一系列统称为利什曼病的疾病。该疾病在世界许多地区都是一个重大的健康问题，估计每年有130万新病例和3万例死亡。目前的治疗基于化疗，化疗难以实施、费用高昂且在几个流行地区正变得无效。迄今为止，尚无针对利什曼病的疫苗，尽管来自动物模型研究的大量证据表明，免疫后可实现可靠的保护。本综述重点关注该疾病皮肤型和内脏型对[寄生虫名称未给出]的免疫反应，指出免疫反应的复杂性以及寄生虫用于绕过这些反应的一系列逃避机制。先天免疫和后天免疫的融合，再加上关于人类免疫反应的数据匮乏，是目前阻碍疫苗开发和实施的主要问题之一。
