Hernández-Damián Jacqueline, Andérica-Romero Ana Cristina, Pedraza-Chaverri José
Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, D.F., Mexico.
Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2014 Oct;347(10):685-97. doi: 10.1002/ardp.201400159. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic compound obtained from the leaves of the evergreen desert shrub Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), which has been used anciently in folk medicine for the treatment of multiple diseases. At the molecular level, NDGA is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Lipoxygenase inhibition by NDGA has been broadly studied over several cell models; however, NDGA exerts other antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects in non-tumor cells, which are related with its role as modulator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) antioxidant pathway. In contrast, in tumor cells NDGA exerts pro-apoptotic activity and anti-tumor effects. Different effects of NDGA have been observed in mitochondria, where NDGA prevents mitochondrial damage in non-tumor cells and induces loss of mitochondrial function in tumor cells. Moreover, NDGA exerts beneficial effects in diverse diseases like cancer, renal damage, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative pathologies. This work represents a critical review about relevant NDGA mechanisms, cellular effects, and signal pathways involved with possible useful effects.
去甲二氢愈创木酸（NDGA）是一种从常绿沙漠灌木三齿拉瑞阿（Larrea tridentata，又称石炭酸灌木）的叶子中提取的酚类化合物，在古代民间医学中就已被用于治疗多种疾病。在分子水平上，NDGA是一种有效的活性氧清除剂。NDGA对脂氧合酶的抑制作用已在多种细胞模型中得到广泛研究；然而，NDGA在非肿瘤细胞中还具有其他抗氧化特性和细胞保护作用，这与其作为核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2）/抗氧化反应元件（ARE）抗氧化途径调节剂的作用有关。相反，在肿瘤细胞中，NDGA具有促凋亡活性和抗肿瘤作用。在 mitochondria 中观察到了NDGA的不同作用，在非肿瘤细胞中NDGA可防止线粒体损伤，而在肿瘤细胞中则诱导线粒体功能丧失。此外，NDGA在癌症、肾损伤、亨廷顿舞蹈病、阿尔茨海默病和其他神经退行性疾病等多种疾病中发挥有益作用。这项工作是对与可能的有益作用相关的NDGA机制、细胞效应和信号通路的批判性综述。 （注：原文中“mitochondria”疑似有误，可能是“mitochondria”，即线粒体）
