Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School Hannover , Hannover , Germany.
Front Oncol. 2014 Jul 21;4:188. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00188. eCollection 2014.
Oncolytic virotherapy has shown impressive results in preclinical studies and first promising therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials as well. Since viruses are known for a long time as excellent vaccination agents, oncolytic viruses are now designed as novel anticancer agents combining the aspect of lysis-dependent cytoreductive activity with concomitant induction of antitumoral immune responses. Antitumoral immune activation by oncolytic virus infection of tumor tissue comprises both, immediate effects of innate immunity and also adaptive responses for long lasting antitumoral activity, which is regarded as the most prominent challenge in clinical oncology. To date, the complex effects of a viral tumor infection on the tumor microenvironment and the consequences for the tumor-infiltrating immune cell compartment are poorly understood. However, there is more and more evidence that a tumor infection by an oncolytic virus opens up a number of options for further immunomodulating interventions such as systemic chemotherapy, generic immunostimulating strategies, dendritic cell-based vaccines, and antigenic libraries to further support clinical efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy.
溶瘤病毒治疗在临床前研究中显示出令人印象深刻的结果，并且在临床试验中也有了初步的有希望的治疗效果。由于病毒长期以来被认为是优秀的疫苗接种剂，因此溶瘤病毒现在被设计为新型抗癌药物，将依赖裂解的细胞减少活性与伴随的抗肿瘤免疫反应的诱导相结合。溶瘤病毒感染肿瘤组织引起的抗肿瘤免疫激活包括先天免疫的直接作用，以及对长期抗肿瘤活性的适应性反应，这被认为是临床肿瘤学中最突出的挑战。迄今为止，病毒对肿瘤微环境的肿瘤感染的复杂影响及其对肿瘤浸润免疫细胞区室的后果尚不完全清楚。然而，越来越多的证据表明，溶瘤病毒对肿瘤的感染为进一步的免疫调节干预提供了多种选择，如全身性化疗、通用免疫刺激策略、树突状细胞疫苗和抗原文库，以进一步支持溶瘤病毒治疗的临床疗效。
