Boagni Drew Ashton, Ravirala Divya, Zhang Shaun Xiaoliu
Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 May 14;22:98-113. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.05.002. eCollection 2021 Sep 24.
Oncolytic virotherapy has produced promising yet limited results in preclinical and clinical studies. Besides direct oncolytic activity, a significant therapeutic mechanism of oncolytic virotherapy is the induction of tumor-specific immunity. Consequently, the efficacy of oncolytic viruses can be improved by the insertion of immune stimulator genes and rational combinatorial therapy with other immunotherapies. This article reviews recent efforts on arming oncolytic viruses with a variety of immune stimulator molecules, immune cell engagers, and other immune potentiating molecules. We outline what is known about the mechanisms of action and the corresponding results. The review also discusses recent preclinical and clinical studies of combining oncolytic virotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the role of oncolytic virotherapy in changing the tumor microenvironment.
溶瘤病毒疗法在临床前和临床研究中已取得了有前景但有限的成果。除了直接的溶瘤活性外，溶瘤病毒疗法的一个重要治疗机制是诱导肿瘤特异性免疫。因此，通过插入免疫刺激基因以及与其他免疫疗法进行合理的联合治疗，可以提高溶瘤病毒的疗效。本文综述了近期在溶瘤病毒中引入各种免疫刺激分子、免疫细胞衔接分子和其他免疫增强分子的研究进展。我们概述了已知的作用机制及相应结果。该综述还讨论了溶瘤病毒疗法与免疫检查点抑制剂联合应用的近期临床前和临床研究，以及溶瘤病毒疗法在改变肿瘤微环境中的作用。
