Department of Behavioral Health, St. Elizabeth's Hospital , Washington, DC , USA ; Maryland State Athletic Commission , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Institute of Sports Chronobiology , Washington, DC , USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA.
Front Public Health. 2014 Jul 21;2:69. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00069. eCollection 2014.
Despite increased interest regarding the potentially long-term negative impact of chronic traumatic brain injury, limited research has been conducted regarding such injuries and neurological outcomes in real world settings. To increase understanding regarding the relationship between sparring (e.g., training under the tutelage of an experienced boxing coach for the purpose of improving skills and/or fitness) and neurological functioning, professional boxers (n = 237) who competed in Maryland between 2003 and 2008 completed measures regarding sparring exposure (Cumulative Sparring Index, CSI) and performance on tests of cognition (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) and balance (Sharpened Romberg Test, SRT). Measures were completed prior to boxing matches. Higher scores on the CSI (increased sparring exposure) were associated with poorer performance on both tests of cognition (SDMT) and balance (SRT). A threshold effect was noted regarding performance on the SDMT, with those reporting CSI values greater than about 150 experiencing a decline in cognition. A history of frequent and/or intense sparring may pose a significant risk for developing boxing associated neurological sequelae. Implementing administration of clinically meaningful tests before bouts, such as the CSI, SDMT, and/or the SRT, as well as documentation of results into the boxer's physicals or medical profiles may be an important step for improving boxing safety.
尽管人们对慢性创伤性脑损伤可能带来的长期负面影响越来越感兴趣，但在现实环境中，针对此类损伤和神经学结果的研究却很有限。为了增进对拳击陪练（例如，在经验丰富的拳击教练的指导下进行训练，以提高技能和/或体能）与神经功能之间关系的了解，2003 年至 2008 年在马里兰州参加比赛的职业拳击手（n=237）完成了关于陪练暴露（累积陪练指数，CSI）和认知测试（符号数字模态测试，SDMT）和平衡（锐化 Romberg 测试，SRT）表现的测量。测量是在拳击比赛前完成的。CSI（陪练暴露增加）得分较高与认知测试（SDMT）和平衡测试（SRT）的表现较差有关。在 SDMT 上注意到了一个阈值效应，那些报告 CSI 值大于约 150 的人认知能力下降。频繁和/或剧烈的陪练史可能会对发生与拳击相关的神经后遗症构成重大风险。在比赛前实施具有临床意义的测试，如 CSI、SDMT 和/或 SRT 的管理，并将结果记录到拳击手的体检或医疗档案中，可能是提高拳击安全性的重要步骤。
