Kraehmer Hansjoerg, Laber Bernd, Rosinger Chris, Schulz Arno
Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Bayer CropScience AG, D-65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Plant Physiol. 2014 Nov;166(3):1119-31. doi: 10.1104/pp.114.241901. Epub 2014 Aug 7.
The purpose of modern industrial herbicides is to control weeds. The species of weeds that plague crops today are a consequence of the historical past, being related to the history of the evolution of crops and farming practices. Chemical weed control began over a century ago with inorganic compounds and transitioned to the age of organic herbicides. Targeted herbicide research has created a steady stream of successful products. However, safeners have proven to be more difficult to find. Once found, the mode of action of the safener must be determined, partly to help in the discovery of further compounds within the same class. However, mounting regulatory and economic pressure has changed the industry completely, making it harder to find a successful herbicide. Herbicide resistance has also become a major problem, increasing the difficulty of controlling weeds. As a result, the development of new molecules has become a rare event today.
现代工业除草剂的目的是控制杂草。如今困扰农作物的杂草种类是历史遗留的结果,与作物进化史和耕作方式有关。化学除草始于一个多世纪前的无机化合物,之后进入了有机除草剂时代。针对性的除草剂研究催生了一系列成功的产品。然而,安全剂却更难寻觅。一旦找到,必须确定安全剂的作用方式,这在一定程度上有助于发现同一类别的其他化合物。然而,日益增加的监管和经济压力彻底改变了该行业,使得找到一款成功的除草剂变得更加困难。除草剂抗性也已成为一个主要问题,增加了控制杂草的难度。因此,如今新分子的研发已成为罕见之事。