Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Jul;77(7):3036-3041. doi: 10.1002/ps.6457. Epub 2021 May 20.
While herbicides are the most effective and widely adopted weed management approach, the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in damaging weed species threatens the yield and profitability of many crops. Weeds accumulate multiple resistance mechanisms through sequential selection and/or gene flow, with long-range and international transport of herbicide-resistant weeds proving to be a serious issue. Metabolic resistance mechanisms can confer resistance across multiple sites of action and even to herbicides not yet discovered. When a new site of action herbicide is introduced to control a key driver weed, it likely will be one of very few effective available herbicide options for that weed in a specific crop due to the continuous use of herbicides over the years and the resulting accumulation of resistance mechanisms, placing it at even higher risk to be rapidly lost to resistance due to the high selection pressure it will experience. The number of available, effective herbicides for certain driver weeds is decreasing over time because the rate of resistance evolution is faster than the rate of new herbicide discovery. Effective monitoring for species movement and diagnostics for resistance should be deployed to rapidly identify emerging resistance to any new site of action. While innovation in herbicide discovery is urgently needed to combat the pressing issue of resistance in weeds, the rate of selection for herbicide resistance in weeds must be slowed through changes in the patterns of how herbicides are used. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
虽然除草剂是最有效和广泛采用的杂草管理方法，但多种杂草对除草剂的抗性的进化威胁到许多作物的产量和利润。杂草通过连续选择和/或基因流积累了多种抗性机制，长距离和国际间的除草剂抗性杂草的传播被证明是一个严重的问题。代谢抗性机制可以赋予对多种作用点的抗性，甚至对尚未发现的除草剂也有抗性。当引入一种新的作用点除草剂来控制关键的驱动杂草时，由于多年来持续使用除草剂以及由此产生的抗性机制的积累，对于特定作物中的这种杂草来说，它很可能是为数不多的有效除草剂选择之一，这使得它由于所经历的高选择压力而面临更高的快速抗性丧失风险。随着时间的推移，某些驱动杂草的可用有效除草剂的数量正在减少，因为抗性进化的速度快于新除草剂的发现速度。应该部署有效的物种迁移监测和抗性诊断，以快速识别任何新作用点出现的抗性。虽然迫切需要在除草剂发现方面进行创新以应对杂草抗性这一紧迫问题，但必须通过改变除草剂使用方式来减缓杂草对除草剂的选择速度。 © 2021 化学工业学会。© 2021 化学工业学会。
