Montgomery David R
Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14;104(33):13268-72. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0611508104. Epub 2007 Aug 8.
Data drawn from a global compilation of studies quantitatively confirm the long-articulated contention that erosion rates from conventionally plowed agricultural fields average 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than rates of soil production, erosion under native vegetation, and long-term geological erosion. The general equivalence of the latter indicates that, considered globally, hillslope soil production and erosion evolve to balance geologic and climate forcing, whereas conventional plow-based agriculture increases erosion rates enough to prove unsustainable. In contrast to how net soil erosion rates in conventionally plowed fields ( approximately 1 mm/yr) can erode through a typical hillslope soil profile over time scales comparable to the longevity of major civilizations, no-till agriculture produces erosion rates much closer to soil production rates and therefore could provide a foundation for sustainable agriculture.
从全球研究汇编中提取的数据定量证实了长期以来的观点，即传统耕作农田的侵蚀速率平均比土壤生成速率、原生植被下的侵蚀速率和长期地质侵蚀速率大1至2个数量级。后几种情况的大致相当表明，从全球来看，山坡土壤的生成和侵蚀会逐渐达到平衡，以适应地质和气候作用，而传统的基于犁耕的农业会使侵蚀速率大幅增加，从而证明是不可持续的。与传统耕作农田的净土壤侵蚀速率（约1毫米/年）在与主要文明寿命相当的时间尺度上能够侵蚀掉典型山坡土壤剖面的情况不同，免耕农业产生的侵蚀速率更接近土壤生成速率，因此可为可持续农业奠定基础。
