Single-file charge storage in conducting nanopores.

Charging of a conducting tubular nanopore in a nanostructured electrode is treated using an exactly solvable 1D lattice model, including ion correlations screened by ion-image interactions. Analytical expressions are obtained for the accumulated charge and capacitance as a function of voltage. They show that the mechanism of charge storage, and the qualitative form of the capacitance-voltage curve, are sensitive to how favorable it is for ions to occupy the unpolarized pore, and the pore radius. Qualitative predictions of the theory are corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations. These results highlight the effect of ion affinity to unpolarized pores on the charge and energy storage in supercapacitors. Furthermore, they suggest that the question of the occupancy of unpolarized pores could be answered by measuring the capacitance-voltage dependence.