Richard-Devantoy Stephane, Berlim Marcelo T, Jollant Fabrice
a McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute , McGill Group for Suicide Studies , Montréal , Québec , Canada.
b Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire EA 4638, Université de Nantes et Angers , France.
World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015;16(8):544-66. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2014.925584. Epub 2014 Aug 12.
Suicidal behaviour results from a complex interplay between stressful events and vulnerability factors, including cognitive deficits. It is not yet clear if memory impairment is part of this specific vulnerability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the association between memory deficits and vulnerability to suicidal acts.
A literature review was performed using Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo databases. Twenty-four studies (including 2,595 participants) met the selection criteria. Four different types of memory (i.e., working memory, short- and long-term memory, and autobiographical memory) were assessed in at least three different studies.
Autobiographical memory was significantly less specific and more general in patients with a history of suicide attempt relative to those without such a history (Hedges' g = 0.8 and 0.9, respectively). Long-term memory and working memory were both more impaired in suicide attempters than in patient and healthy controls. Only short-term memory did not differentiate suicide attempters from patient controls.
Memory may play a significant role in the risk of suicidal acts, perhaps by preventing these individuals from using past experiences to solve current problems and to envision the future, and by altering inhibitory processes. More studies are necessary to better clarify these relationships.
自杀行为源于压力事件与脆弱性因素（包括认知缺陷）之间的复杂相互作用。记忆障碍是否是这种特定脆弱性的一部分尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是检验记忆缺陷与自杀行为易感性之间的关联。
使用Medline、Embase和PsycInfo数据库进行文献综述。24项研究（包括2595名参与者）符合入选标准。在至少三项不同的研究中评估了四种不同类型的记忆（即工作记忆、短期和长期记忆以及自传体记忆）。
与无自杀未遂史的患者相比，有自杀未遂史的患者的自传体记忆明显更不具体、更笼统（Hedges'g值分别为0.8和0.9）。自杀未遂者的长期记忆和工作记忆均比患者和健康对照者受损更严重。只有短期记忆无法区分自杀未遂者与患者对照。
记忆可能在自杀行为风险中起重要作用，可能是通过阻止这些个体利用过去的经验来解决当前问题和设想未来，以及通过改变抑制过程。需要更多研究来更好地阐明这些关系。
