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草原血蜱(蜱螨亚纲:硬蜱科)在野外条件下的生活史及发生情况

The life cycle and occurrence of Haemaphysalis concinna (Acari: Ixodidae) under field conditions.

作者信息

Meng Hao, Xu Shiqi, Yu Zhijun, Liu Zhao, Liu Jiannan, Yang Xiaolong, Liu Jingze

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.

Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China; College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.

出版信息

Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2014 Oct;5(6):887-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.07.007. Epub 2014 Aug 8.

Abstract

The life cycle and occurrence of Haemaphysalis concinna were investigated under field conditions from April 2012 to March 2013 in Eerguna National Natural Reserve Area situated on the China-Russia border in Inner Mongolia, China. Under natural conditions, the whole life cycle of H. concinna was allowed to complete in a natural tick habitat. With domestic rabbits supplied as hosts, the seasonal occurrence and behaviors of H. concinna were also observed in the field plot which was chosen in a natural tick habitat from April to October 2012. Results indicated that the durations of the life cycle from unfed adults to the next generation unfed adults of H. concinna ranged from 124 to 186 days (average periods of 153.1 days). The incubation time of eggs ranged from 39 to 57 days (average periods of 41.3 days), which is the longest period among the four developmental stages, followed by the premolt periods for larvae (averaged 37.7 days) and nymphs (averaged 26.0 days). The number of eggs was positively correlated with the weight of engorged females (r=0.8562, p<0.001). Eggs were laid in high amounts in the first week, subsequently, the egg amount declined gradually with small peaks occasionally observed. The female reproductive efficiency index (REI) and reproductive fitness index (RFI) was 6.2 and 4.3, respectively. Observations on the occurrence of H. concinna indicated that, in the confined plot under field conditions, larvae appeared in late May and peaked in early July, and nymphs were active during July and August. Therefore, there was an overlap in the occurrence of larvae and nymphs in both June and July.

摘要

2012年4月至2013年3月,在中国内蒙古中俄边境的额尔古纳国家级自然保护区的野外条件下,对嗜群血蜱的生活史和发生情况进行了调查。在自然条件下,嗜群血蜱的整个生活史在自然蜱栖息地中完成。以家兔作为宿主,2012年4月至10月在自然蜱栖息地选择的样地中,还对嗜群血蜱的季节发生情况和行为进行了观察。结果表明,嗜群血蜱从未吸血成虫到下一代未吸血成虫的生活史持续时间为124至186天(平均153.1天)。卵的孵化时间为39至57天(平均41.3天),这是四个发育阶段中最长的时期,其次是幼虫(平均37.7天)和若虫(平均26.0天)的蜕皮前期。产卵数与饱血雌蜱体重呈正相关(r = 0.8562,p < 0.001)。产卵在第一周数量较多,随后产卵量逐渐下降,偶尔出现小高峰。雌蜱的繁殖效率指数(REI)和繁殖适合度指数(RFI)分别为6.2和4.3。对嗜群血蜱发生情况的观察表明,在野外条件下的封闭样地中,幼虫于5月下旬出现,7月初达到高峰,若虫在7月和8月活动。因此,幼虫和若虫在6月和7月的发生存在重叠。

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