College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050016 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2011 Apr;53(4):377-88. doi: 10.1007/s10493-010-9415-3. Epub 2010 Dec 12.
The development and biological characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis were investigated under field conditions in Xiaowutai National Natural Reserve Area, North China. Unfed larvae, nymphs and adults were fed on rabbits and exposed to daylight. Three free-living stages were allowed to develop in field plot selected in a tick natural habitat. The host seeking behavior and seasonal occurrence were observed. Haemaphysalis longicornis were active from mid March to mid October. The premoult period of nymphs and preoviposition of females were regulating phases of their life cycle. The developmental durations of eggs, larvae and adults were constant under field conditions regardless when the development started. The oviposition periods in May and June were statistically shorter than those in July and August. The daily oviposition patterns of females engorged in May and June demonstrated unobvious peak, which differed from those engorged in July and August. The daily oviposition peak of the latter occurred on the 4th day of oviposition. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the mass of the laid egg and the body weight of engorged females (r = 0.62, P < 0.001). The female reproductive efficiency indices were 2.9, 6.1, 10.5 and 9.0 in May, June, July and August, respectively. The mean weight (3.33 mg) of engorged nymphs molting to females was significantly higher than that (2.35 mg) of those molting to males (P < 0.001), but the body weights of both sexes were overlapping.
在中国北方的小五台山国家级自然保护区，在野外条件下研究了长角血蜱的发育和生物学特性。未进食的幼虫、若虫和成虫以兔子为食，并暴露在日光下。允许三个自由生活阶段在蜱自然栖息地选择的野外小区中发育。观察了宿主寻找行为和季节性发生。长角血蜱从 3 月中旬到 10 月中旬活跃。若虫的蜕皮前时期和雌蜱的产卵前时期是它们生命周期的调节阶段。在野外条件下，无论发育开始的时间如何，卵、幼虫和成虫的发育持续时间都是恒定的。5 月和 6 月的产卵期明显短于 7 月和 8 月。5 月和 6 月饱血雌蜱的每日产卵模式没有明显的高峰，这与 7 月和 8 月饱血雌蜱的模式不同。后者的每日产卵高峰发生在产卵的第 4 天。此外，还发现所产卵的质量与饱血雌蜱的体重之间存在正相关关系（r = 0.62，P < 0.001）。5 月、6 月、7 月和 8 月的雌蜱生殖效率指数分别为 2.9、6.1、10.5 和 9.0。蜕皮为雌性的饱血若虫（3.33 毫克）的平均体重明显高于蜕皮为雄性的饱血若虫（2.35 毫克）（P < 0.001），但两性的体重有重叠。
