State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Sep 2;48(17):10406-14. doi: 10.1021/es501305k. Epub 2014 Aug 13.
Although ambient PM2.5 has been linked to adverse health effects, the chemical constituents that cause harm are largely unclear. Few prior studies in a developing country have reported the health impacts of PM2.5 constituents. In this study, we examined the short-term association between PM2.5 constituents and emergency room visits in Shanghai, China. We measured daily concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and eight water-soluble ions between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012. We analyzed the data using overdispersed generalized linear Poisson models. During our study period, the mean daily average concentration of PM2.5 in Shanghai was 55 μg/m(3). Major contributors to PM2.5 mass included OC, EC, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. For a 1-day lag, an interquartile range increment in PM2.5 mass (36.47 μg/m(3)) corresponded to 0.57% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13%, 1.01%] increase of emergency room visits. In all the three models used, we found significant positive associations of emergency room visits with OC and EC. Our findings suggest that PM2.5 constituents from the combustion of fossil fuel (e.g., OC and EC) may have an appreciable influence on the health impact attributable to PM2.5.
尽管环境 PM2.5 已被证明与健康危害有关，但造成危害的化学物质成分在很大程度上还不清楚。在发展中国家，很少有研究报告 PM2.5 成分对健康的影响。在这项研究中，我们研究了 PM2.5 成分与中国上海急诊就诊之间的短期关联。我们测量了 2011 年 1 月 1 日至 2012 年 12 月 31 日期间的 PM2.5、有机碳 (OC)、元素碳 (EC) 和八种水溶性离子的日浓度。我们使用过度分散广义线性泊松模型分析了数据。在研究期间，上海 PM2.5 的日平均浓度为 55μg/m3。PM2.5 质量的主要贡献者包括 OC、EC、硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐。滞后 1 天，PM2.5 质量的四分位间距增量（36.47μg/m3）对应急诊就诊增加 0.57%（95%置信区间：0.13%，1.01%）。在使用的所有三个模型中，我们发现急诊就诊与 OC 和 EC 之间存在显著的正相关关系。我们的研究结果表明，化石燃料燃烧产生的 PM2.5 成分（如 OC 和 EC）可能对归因于 PM2.5 的健康影响产生相当大的影响。
