Ren Xingjie, Yang Zhihao, Mao Decai, Chang Zai, Qiao Huan-Huan, Wang Xia, Sun Jin, Hu Qun, Cui Yan, Liu Lu-Ping, Ji Jun-Yuan, Xu Jiang, Ni Jian-Quan
Gene Regulatory Lab, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
G3 (Bethesda). 2014 Aug 15;4(10):1955-62. doi: 10.1534/g3.114.013821.
Recent studies of the Cas9/sgRNA system in Drosophila melanogaster genome editing have opened new opportunities to generate site-specific mutant collections in a high-throughput manner. However, off-target effects of the system are still a major concern when analyzing mutant phenotypes. Mutations converting Cas9 to a DNA nickase have great potential for reducing off-target effects in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that injection of two plasmids encoding neighboring offset sgRNAs into transgenic Cas9(D10A) nickase flies efficiently produces heritable indel mutants. We then determined the effective distance between the two sgRNA targets and their orientations that affected the ability of the sgRNA pairs to generate mutations when expressed in the transgenic nickase flies. Interestingly, Cas9 nickase greatly reduces the ability to generate mutants with one sgRNA, suggesting that the application of Cas9 nickase and sgRNA pairs can almost avoid off-target effects when generating indel mutants. Finally, a defined piwi mutant allele is generated with this system through homology-directed repair. However, Cas9(D10A) is not as effective as Cas9 in replacing the entire coding sequence of piwi with two sgRNAs.
近期对黑腹果蝇基因组编辑中Cas9/sgRNA系统的研究为高通量生成位点特异性突变体库带来了新机遇。然而,在分析突变体表型时,该系统的脱靶效应仍是一个主要问题。将Cas9转化为DNA切口酶的突变在体外具有极大潜力可减少脱靶效应。在此,我们证明向转基因Cas9(D10A)切口酶果蝇中注射两个编码相邻错配sgRNA的质粒可高效产生可遗传的插入缺失突变体。然后我们确定了两个sgRNA靶点之间的有效距离及其方向,这些因素会影响sgRNA对在转基因切口酶果蝇中表达时产生突变的能力。有趣的是,Cas9切口酶极大降低了单个sgRNA产生突变体的能力,这表明在产生插入缺失突变体时,应用Cas9切口酶和sgRNA对几乎可避免脱靶效应。最后,利用该系统通过同源定向修复产生了一个明确的piwi突变等位基因。然而,Cas9(D10A)在使用两个sgRNA替换piwi的整个编码序列方面不如Cas9有效。