Chaudhry A, Noor A, Degagne B, Baker K, Bok L A, Brady A F, Chitayat D, Chung B H, Cytrynbaum C, Dyment D, Filges I, Helm B, Hutchison H T, Jeng L J B, Laumonnier F, Marshall C R, Menzel M, Parkash S, Parker M J, Raymond L F, Rideout A L, Roberts W, Rupps R, Schanze I, Schrander-Stumpel C T R M, Speevak M D, Stavropoulos D J, Stevens S J C, Thomas E R A, Toutain A, Vergano S, Weksberg R, Scherer S W, Vincent J B, Carter M T
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Clin Genet. 2015 Sep;88(3):224-33. doi: 10.1111/cge.12482. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Studies of genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have identified genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) such as NRXN1, SHANK2, SHANK3 and PTCHD1. Deletions have been reported in PTCHD1 however there has been little information available regarding the clinical presentation of these individuals. Herein we present 23 individuals with PTCHD1 deletions or truncating mutations with detailed phenotypic descriptions. The results suggest that individuals with disruption of the PTCHD1 coding region may have subtle dysmorphic features including a long face, prominent forehead, puffy eyelids and a thin upper lip. They do not have a consistent pattern of associated congenital anomalies or growth abnormalities. They have mild to moderate global developmental delay, variable degrees of ID, and many have prominent behavioral issues. Over 40% of subjects have ASD or ASD-like behaviors. The only consistent neurological findings in our cohort are orofacial hypotonia and mild motor incoordination. Our findings suggest that hemizygous PTCHD1 loss of function causes an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong propensity to autistic behaviors. Detailed neuropsychological studies are required to better define the cognitive and behavioral phenotype.
对基因组拷贝数变异(CNV)的研究已经确定了与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)和智力残疾(ID)相关的基因,如NRXN1、SHANK2、SHANK3和PTCHD1。虽然已有关于PTCHD1基因缺失的报道,但关于这些个体临床表现的信息却很少。在此,我们报告了23例携带PTCHD1基因缺失或截短突变的个体,并给出了详细的表型描述。结果表明,PTCHD1编码区受到破坏的个体可能具有一些细微的畸形特征,包括长脸、额头突出、眼睑浮肿和上唇较薄。他们没有一致的相关先天性异常或生长异常模式。他们存在轻度至中度的全面发育迟缓、不同程度的智力残疾,并且许多人有明显的行为问题。超过40%的受试者患有ASD或ASD样行为。在我们的队列中,唯一一致的神经学发现是口面部肌张力减退和轻度运动不协调。我们的研究结果表明,PTCHD1半合子功能丧失会导致一种X连锁神经发育障碍,且具有强烈的自闭症行为倾向。需要进行详细的神经心理学研究,以更好地界定认知和行为表型。