Awang Normah, Jamaluddin Farhana
Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Environ Public Health. 2014;2014:408275. doi: 10.1155/2014/408275. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
This study was carried out to determine the concentration of lead (Pb), anions, and cations at six primary schools located around Kuala Lumpur. Low volume sampler (MiniVol PM10) was used to collect the suspended particulates in indoor and outdoor air. Results showed that the concentration of Pb in indoor air was in the range of 5.18 ± 1.08 μg/g-7.01 ± 0.08 μg/g. All the concentrations of Pb in indoor air were higher than in outdoor air at all sampling stations. The concentrations of cations and anions were higher in outdoor air than in indoor air. The concentration of Ca(2+) (39.51 ± 5.01 mg/g-65.13 ± 9.42 mg/g) was the highest because the cation existed naturally in soil dusts, while the concentrations of NO3 (-) and SO4 (2-) were higher in outdoor air because there were more sources of exposure for anions in outdoor air, such as highly congested traffic and motor vehicles emissions. In comparison, the concentration of NO3 (-) (29.72 ± 0.31 μg/g-32.00 ± 0.75 μg/g) was slightly higher than SO4 (2-). The concentrations of most of the parameters in this study, such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+), NO3 (-), SO4 (2-), and Pb(2+), were higher in outdoor air than in indoor air at all sampling stations.
本研究旨在测定吉隆坡周边六所小学铅（Pb）、阴离子和阳离子的浓度。使用低流量采样器（MiniVol PM10）收集室内和室外空气中的悬浮颗粒物。结果表明，室内空气中Pb的浓度范围为5.18±1.08μg/g至7.01±0.08μg/g。所有采样站室内空气中Pb的浓度均高于室外空气中的浓度。室外空气中阳离子和阴离子的浓度高于室内空气中的浓度。Ca(2+)的浓度（39.51±5.01mg/g至65.13±9.42mg/g）最高，因为该阳离子天然存在于土壤灰尘中，而室外空气中NO3(-)和SO4(2-)的浓度较高，因为室外空气中阴离子的暴露源更多，如交通拥堵严重和机动车排放。相比之下，NO3(-)的浓度（29.72±0.31μg/g至32.00±0.75μg/g）略高于SO4(2-)。在所有采样站，本研究中大多数参数的浓度，如Mg(2+)、Ca(2+)、NO3(-)、SO4(2-)和Pb(2+)，室外空气中的浓度高于室内空气中的浓度。
