Mahugija John Andrew Marco, Henkelmann Bernhard, Schramm Karl-Werner
Chemistry Department, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg Munich, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2014 Dec;117:330-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.052. Epub 2014 Aug 23.
The levels, compositions and distributions of organochlorine pesticides and metabolites were determined in soil samples collected 5-14 years after clean-up was carried out at seven contaminated sites in Tanzania. Samples were collected from various depths (5-10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm for most sites and up to 300 cm for one site. Determination of the analytes was performed using a high resolution GC-MS and isotope dilution technology. DDT, DDD, DDE, HCH isomers, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfans, chlordanes and heptachlor were the major compounds detected. The concentrations of total DDT and total HCH were up to 250000 and 164,000 mg kg(-1), respectively, while the highest concentrations for other compounds ranged from 29 to 3300 mg kg(-1). The results indicated that there were no significant degradations/transformations of the pesticides for most of the sites. The highest concentrations of the compounds were mostly found in surface soil samples and there were variations in distribution among the sampling depths. The results indicate risks and concerns for public health and the environment.
在坦桑尼亚七个受污染场地清理完成5至14年后采集的土壤样本中，测定了有机氯农药及其代谢物的含量、成分和分布情况。样本从不同深度采集（大多数场地为5 - 10厘米、30厘米和50厘米，一个场地最深达300厘米）。使用高分辨率气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪和同位素稀释技术对分析物进行测定。检测到的主要化合物包括滴滴涕（DDT）、滴滴滴（DDD）、滴滴伊（DDE）、六氯环己烷（HCH）异构体、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、硫丹、氯丹和七氯。总滴滴涕和总六氯环己烷的浓度分别高达250000毫克/千克和164000毫克/千克，而其他化合物的最高浓度范围为29至3300毫克/千克。结果表明，大多数场地的农药没有明显降解/转化。这些化合物的最高浓度大多出现在表层土壤样本中，且在不同采样深度的分布存在差异。结果表明对公众健康和环境存在风险及问题。
