van Els Cécile A C M, Corbière Véronique, Smits Kaat, van Gaans-van den Brink Jacqueline A M, Poelen Martien C M, Mascart Francoise, Meiring Hugo D, Locht Camille
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands.
Laboratory for Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) , Brussels , Belgium.
Front Immunol. 2014 Aug 11;5:361. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00361. eCollection 2014.
CD4(+) T cells are prominent effector cells in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection but may also contribute to immunopathology. Studies probing the CD4(+) T cell response from individuals latently infected with Mtb or patients with active tuberculosis using either small or proteome-wide antigen screens so far revealed a multi-antigenic, yet mostly invariable repertoire of immunogenic Mtb proteins. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based proteomics have highlighted the occurrence of numerous types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in proteomes of prokaryotes, including Mtb. The well-known PTMs in Mtb are glycosylation, lipidation, or phosphorylation, known regulators of protein function or compartmentalization. Other PTMs include methylation, acetylation, and pupylation, involved in protein stability. While all PTMs add variability to the Mtb proteome, relatively little is understood about their role in the anti-Mtb immune responses. Here, we review Mtb protein PTMs and methods to assess their role in protective immunity against Mtb.
CD4(+) T细胞是控制结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）感染的主要效应细胞，但也可能导致免疫病理反应。迄今为止，使用小型或全蛋白质组抗原筛选对潜伏感染Mtb的个体或活动性结核病患者的CD4(+) T细胞反应进行的研究揭示了免疫原性Mtb蛋白的多抗原性但大多不变的库。基于质谱的蛋白质组学的最新进展突出了原核生物蛋白质组中包括Mtb在内的多种类型的翻译后修饰（PTM）的存在。Mtb中众所周知的PTM是糖基化、脂化或磷酸化，它们是蛋白质功能或区室化的已知调节剂。其他PTM包括参与蛋白质稳定性的甲基化、乙酰化和泛素样蛋白化。虽然所有PTM都增加了Mtb蛋白质组的变异性，但对它们在抗Mtb免疫反应中的作用了解相对较少。在这里，我们综述了Mtb蛋白PTM及其在评估其在抗Mtb保护性免疫中作用的方法。
