Al Zaben Faten, Khalifa Doaa Ahmed, Sehlo Mohammad Gamal, Al Shohaib Saad, Shaheen Faisul, Alhozali Hanadi, Hariri Alferdose Osama, Ahmad Riyadh Ghazi, Kabli Moayad Reda, Koenig Harold G
Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
Int Urol Nephrol. 2014 Dec;46(12):2393-402. doi: 10.1007/s11255-014-0802-2. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis experience considerable psychological stress due to physical and social changes brought on by illness, increasing the risk of depressive disorder (DD). We examined the prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms, identified treatments for depression, and determined baseline demographic, social/behavioral, physical, and psychological correlates.
A convenience sample of 310 dialysis patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was screened for DD using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression and for depressive symptoms using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Established measures of psychosocial and physical health characteristics were administered, along with questions about current and past treatments. Bivariate and multivariate analyses identified independent correlates of DD and symptoms.
The prevalence of DD was 6.8 % (major depression 3.2 %, minor depression 3.6 %), and significant depressive symptoms were present in 24.2 % (HDRS 8 or higher). No patients with DD were being treated with antidepressant medication, whereas 28.6 % (6 of 21) were receiving counseling. Being a Saudi national, married, in counseling, or having a history of antidepressant were associated with DD in bivariate analyses. Correlates of depressive symptoms HDRS in multivariate analyses were Saudi nationality, marital status, stressful life events, poor physical functioning, cognitive impairment, overall severity of medical illness, and history of family psychiatric problems.
The prevalence of DD and depressive symptoms is lower in Saudi dialysis patients than in the rest of the world, largely untreated, and is associated with a distinct set of demographic, psychosocial, and physical health characteristics.
接受血液透析的慢性肾脏病患者因疾病带来的身体和社会变化而经历相当大的心理压力，这增加了患抑郁症（DD）的风险。我们调查了DD和抑郁症状的患病率，确定了抑郁症的治疗方法，并确定了基线人口统计学、社会/行为、身体和心理相关因素。
对沙特阿拉伯吉达的310名透析患者进行便利抽样，使用抑郁症结构化临床访谈筛查DD，并使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HDRS）筛查抑郁症状。同时采用既定的心理社会和身体健康特征测量方法，以及关于当前和过去治疗的问题。双变量和多变量分析确定了DD和症状的独立相关因素。
DD的患病率为6.8%（重度抑郁症3.2%，轻度抑郁症3.6%），24.2%的患者存在显著抑郁症状（HDRS为8或更高）。没有DD患者正在接受抗抑郁药物治疗，而28.6%（21例中的6例）正在接受咨询。在双变量分析中，沙特国籍、已婚、接受咨询或有抗抑郁药病史与DD相关。多变量分析中抑郁症状HDRS的相关因素包括沙特国籍、婚姻状况、压力性生活事件、身体功能差、认知障碍、医疗疾病的总体严重程度以及家族精神病史。
沙特透析患者中DD和抑郁症状的患病率低于世界其他地区，大多未得到治疗，且与一系列独特的人口统计学、心理社会和身体健康特征相关。
