Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall 970, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, William James Hall 970, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2014 Nov;18(11):586-95. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.07.001. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
Specific language impairment (SLI), a genetic developmental disorder, offers insights into the neurobiological and computational organization of language. A subtype, Grammatical-SLI (G-SLI), involves greater impairments in 'extended' grammatical representations, which are nonlocal, hierarchical, abstract, and composed, than in 'basic' ones, which are local, linear, semantic, and holistic. This distinction is seen in syntax, morphology, and phonology, and may be tied to abnormalities in the left hemisphere and basal ganglia, consistent with new models of the neurobiology of language which distinguish dorsal and ventral processing streams. Delineating neurolinguistic phenotypes promises a better understanding of the effects of genes on the brain circuitry underlying normal and impaired language abilities.
特定语言障碍（SLI）是一种遗传性发育障碍，为语言的神经生物学和计算组织提供了深入了解。一个亚型，语法性特定语言障碍（G-SLI），涉及到更广泛的“扩展”语法表示的损伤，这些表示是非局部的、分层的、抽象的和组合的，而不是“基本”的语法表示，基本语法表示是局部的、线性的、语义的和整体的。这种区别在句法、形态和音韵学中都可以看到，可能与左侧大脑半球和基底神经节的异常有关，这与语言神经生物学的新模型一致，该模型区分了背侧和腹侧处理流。描绘神经语言学表型有望更好地理解基因对正常和受损语言能力的大脑回路的影响。
