Żebrowska Aleksandra, Mizia-Stec Katarzyna, Mizia Magda, Gąsior Zbigniew, Poprzęcki Stanisław
a Department of Physiological and Medical Sciences , Academy of Physical Education , Katowice , Poland.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(4):305-14. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.949310. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 3-week n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation on serum nitric oxide (NO), asymmetric dimethyloarginine (ADMA), ultrasound indices of endothelial function and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) of elite cyclists. The effects of dietary supplementation (n-3 PUFA at a dose of 1.3 g twice daily for 3 weeks) and placebo administration on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), pulse wave velocity, serum markers (NO, ADMA), lipid profile, and ΔVO2max were analysed in 13 cyclists both before and after dietary protocols. Significant differences between pre- and post-intervention baseline NO levels were observed after n-3 PUFA dietary protocol (13.9 ± 4.2 vs. 23.5 ± 3.6 µmol·l(-1); P < 0.001). Higher post-intervention baseline NO level was observed after n-3 PUFA diet compared with placebo (23.5 ± 3.6 vs. 15.3 ± 3.0 µmol·l(-1); P < 0.01, respectively). The n-3 PUFA increased baseline NO concentration (ΔNO) by 6.7 ± 3.8 µmol·l(-1) and placebo by 1.6 ± 4.4 µmol·l(-1). The positive correlation was observed between baseline post-intervention NO concentration and maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.72; P < 0.01) and also between ΔNO and ΔVO2max (r = 0.54; P < 0.05) in response to omega-3 fatty acids supplementation. There was an association between a 5.25% higher FMD (P < 0.05) and higherΔVO2max (P < 0.001) after n-3 PUFA diet compared with lower values of placebo (r = 0.68; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that an increase in NO release in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation may play a central role in cardiovascular adaptive mechanisms and enhanced exercise performance in cyclists.
该研究旨在评估为期3周的n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）补充剂对精英自行车运动员血清一氧化氮（NO）、不对称二甲基精氨酸（ADMA）、内皮功能超声指标以及最大摄氧量（VO2 max）的影响。在13名自行车运动员进行饮食方案前后，分析了膳食补充剂（剂量为1.3 g，每日两次，共3周的n-3 PUFA）和安慰剂给药对血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）、脉搏波速度、血清标志物（NO、ADMA）、血脂谱以及ΔVO2max的影响。在n-3 PUFA饮食方案后，干预前后基线NO水平存在显著差异（13.9±4.2 vs. 23.5±3.6 µmol·l(-1)；P<0.001）。与安慰剂相比，n-3 PUFA饮食后干预后基线NO水平更高（分别为23.5±3.6 vs. 15.3±3.0 µmol·l(-1)；P<0.01）。n-3 PUFA使基线NO浓度（ΔNO）增加了6.7±3.8 µmol·l(-1)，安慰剂使其增加了1.6±4.4 µmol·l(-1)。补充ω-3脂肪酸后，干预后基线NO浓度与最大摄氧量之间呈正相关（r = 0.72；P<0.01），ΔNO与ΔVO2max之间也呈正相关（r = 0.54；P<0.05）。与安慰剂较低值相比，n-3 PUFA饮食后FMD升高5.25%（P<0.05）与ΔVO2max升高（P<0.001）之间存在关联（r = 0.68；P<0.05）。这些发现表明，补充n-3 PUFA后NO释放的增加可能在自行车运动员的心血管适应性机制和运动表现增强中起核心作用。
