Chan Jackie T, Sherwin William B, Taylor Matthew D
Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Science, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Anim Genet. 2014 Dec;45(6):888-92. doi: 10.1111/age.12212. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
Stock enhancement, restocking and sea ranching are being increasingly applied in both fisheries and conservation. The contribution of hatchery stock to fishery harvest and the maintenance of the genetic structure of stocked populations are both important considerations when releasing captive-bred organisms into natural systems. Use of wild-caught broodstock generally overcomes some of the genetic problems associated with domesticated hatchery populations, but there is still a need to ensure that a sufficient proportion of the natural population contribute to production of the stocked cohort to realise the genetic benefits of using wild-caught broodstock. Releases of Penaeus (Melicertus) plebejus are under investigation as a means of increasing prawn production in recruitment-limited areas. We used the highly variable mitochondrial control region (mtCR) to assign post-larvae to maternal lineages in the hatchery and also to investigate the reproductive performance of female broodstock in terms of contribution to the production of the cohorts of post-larvae in the hatchery. Our data showed that mtCR can be a useful tool for tracking lineages and provided genetic evidence that unequal contribution and underproducing females can occur even in wild-caught broodstock. This work therefore highlights the importance of monitoring the genetic composition of pre-release hatchery stocks.
放流增殖、补充放流和海洋牧场在渔业和保护领域的应用日益广泛。在将人工养殖的生物放归自然系统时，人工养殖种群对渔业产量的贡献以及放流种群遗传结构的维持都是重要的考量因素。使用野生亲鱼通常能克服一些与驯化养殖种群相关的遗传问题，但仍需确保自然种群中有足够比例的个体参与放流群体的繁殖，以实现使用野生亲鱼的遗传益处。对墨吉对虾（Penaeus (Melicertus) plebejus）的放流作为在补充受限区域增加对虾产量的一种手段正在接受研究。我们利用高度可变的线粒体控制区（mtCR）在育苗场中将仔虾归属于母系谱系，同时从对育苗场中仔虾群体繁殖的贡献方面研究雌亲鱼的繁殖性能。我们的数据表明，mtCR可成为追踪谱系的有用工具，并提供了遗传证据，即即使在野生亲鱼中也可能出现贡献不均和繁殖力低的雌鱼。因此，这项工作凸显了监测放流前育苗场种群遗传组成的重要性。
