An H S, Lee J W, Park J Y
Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, Korea.
Genet Mol Res. 2012 Nov 12;11(4):3904-22. doi: 10.4238/2012.November.12.8.
Populations of the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, have been severely overexploited over the past few decades in Korea. Information regarding the levels of genetic variability and structure within populations is insufficient for the development of effective strategies for conservation of genetic diversity of this species. To assess the genetic status of this species, we examined variation at six microsatellite loci in 842 individuals of Pacific abalone collected from three hatchery stocks of the main aquaculture areas and eight wild populations, which were two from the East Sea, two from the West Sea and three from the South Sea. High levels of polymorphism at these microsatellite loci were found in both the wild and hatchery populations. The genetic variation in the hatchery stocks [overall number of alleles (N(A)) = 24.00; allelic richness (A(R)) = 19.71; observed heterozygosity (H(O)) = 0.733] was similar to that of the wild (overall N(A) = 28.13; A(R) = 22.62; H(O) = 0.775) populations. Low levels of inbreeding and significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations were detected in both the wild and hatchery populations. Significant F(ST) values were observed for the hatchery stocks and in most cases between the wild and hatchery populations (overall F(ST) = 0.017, P < 0.01); however, only a minor portion of the genetic diversity was distributed between the wild and hatchery populations. These results reflect intensive seedling and stocking practices. This preliminary study showed genetic separation between the eastern and pooled western and southern wild populations in Korea, which was based on the F(ST) value, phylogenetic tree clustering, PCA and MDS analyses, structure analysis, and AMOVA. This strong biogeographic structure of H. d. hannai in Korea may be considered to be independent management units. This study demonstrates the feasibility of microsatellite analyses for the monitoring of genetic diversity and for revealing the population structure of the wild Pacific abalone. This information will be useful for the proper management and conservation of H. d. hannai in Korea.
在过去几十年里，韩国的太平洋鲍鱼（Haliotis discus hannai）种群遭到了严重的过度开发。关于种群内遗传变异水平和结构的信息不足，无法制定有效的该物种遗传多样性保护策略。为了评估该物种的遗传状况，我们检测了从主要养殖区的三个育苗场种群以及八个野生种群采集的842只太平洋鲍鱼个体的六个微卫星位点的变异情况，其中野生种群有两个来自东海，两个来自西海，三个来自南海。在野生种群和育苗场种群中，这些微卫星位点均发现了高水平的多态性。育苗场种群的遗传变异[等位基因总数（N(A)）= 24.00；等位基因丰富度（A(R)）= 19.71；观察杂合度（H(O)）= 0.733]与野生种群（总体N(A) = 28.13；A(R) = 22.62；H(O) = 0.775）相似。在野生种群和育苗场种群中均检测到低水平的近亲繁殖和显著的哈迪-温伯格平衡偏差。育苗场种群以及大多数情况下野生种群和育苗场种群之间均观察到显著的F(ST)值（总体F(ST) = 0.017，P < 0.01）；然而，只有一小部分遗传多样性分布在野生种群和育苗场种群之间。这些结果反映了密集的育苗和放流实践。这项初步研究表明，基于F(ST)值、系统发育树聚类、主成分分析（PCA）和多维尺度分析（MDS）、结构分析以及分子方差分析（AMOVA），韩国东部野生种群与合并的西部和南部野生种群之间存在遗传分化。韩国H. d. hannai的这种强烈生物地理结构可被视为独立的管理单元。本研究证明了微卫星分析在监测遗传多样性和揭示野生太平洋鲍鱼种群结构方面的可行性。这些信息将有助于韩国对H. d. hannai进行适当的管理和保护。
