Bosco Leosane Cristina, Bergamaschi Homero, Cardoso Loana Silveira, de Paula Viviane Aires, Marodin Gilmar Arduino Bettio, Nachtigall Gilmar Ribeiro
Department of Agronomy Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil,
Int J Biometeorol. 2015 Jul;59(7):773-82. doi: 10.1007/s00484-014-0893-6. Epub 2014 Sep 2.
Anti-hail nets may change the microclimate of orchards and hence modify the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fruits. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-hail nets on the physical, chemical, and sensory attributes of apples grown in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial orchards, with apples grown under a black anti-hail net under an open sky during the 2008/2009, 2009/2010, and 2010/2011 cycles. Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation were collected at both sites. Physical, chemical, and sensory analyses of fruits were performed in the laboratory. The anti-hail net reduced incident photosynthetically active radiation by 32%. The light spectrum in the canopy changed the corresponding R/FR (red/far-red) ratio in the lower and upper canopy layers from 0.27 to 1.55, respectively. In contrast to the majority of microclimate studies carried out in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, this study in the southern hemisphere showed that although it reduced the incident solar radiation, the cover did not change the color or organoleptic characteristics of "Royal Gala" and "Fuji Suprema" apples. The net cover prolonged the subperiod between fruit setting and harvesting, thus slowing fruit ripening. Therefore, the use of anti-hail nets on apple orchards is a suitable alternative for the protection of apple trees against hail because it causes only small changes in the microclimate and in the maturation period, ensuring fruit production without affecting its quality.
防雹网可能会改变果园的小气候，从而改变果实的理化和感官特性。本研究旨在评估防雹网对巴西南部种植的苹果的物理、化学和感官属性的影响。该研究在商业果园中进行，在2008/2009、2009/2010和2010/2011周期内，苹果在露天环境下的黑色防雹网覆盖下生长。在两个地点都收集了光合有效辐射的测量数据。在实验室对果实进行了物理、化学和感官分析。防雹网使入射光合有效辐射减少了32%。树冠层的光谱改变了下层和上层树冠层相应的R/FR（红/远红）比值，分别从0.27变为1.55。与在北半球温带地区进行的大多数小气候研究不同，这项在南半球进行的研究表明，虽然防雹网减少了入射太阳辐射，但覆盖并没有改变“皇家嘎啦”和“富士之冠”苹果的颜色或感官特性。网罩延长了坐果和收获之间的子时期，从而减缓了果实成熟。因此，在苹果园使用防雹网是保护苹果树免受冰雹侵害的合适选择，因为它只会使小气候和成熟期发生微小变化，确保果实产量而不影响其品质。
