Brito Cátia, Rodrigues Manuel Ângelo, Pinto Luís, Gonçalves Alexandre, Silva Ermelinda, Martins Sandra, Rocha Luis, Pavia Ivo, Arrobas Margarida, Ribeiro António Castro, Moutinho-Pereira José, Correia Carlos M
CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
CIMO-Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 25;10(12):2578. doi: 10.3390/plants10122578.
The use of anti-hail nets on orchards changes the microclimate underneath the net. This might be of great importance in apple growing regions characterized by high radiation levels and hot and dry climates during the summer season. But, depending on the net colour and on the local climatic conditions, the shade promoted triggers different responses by the trees. Grey and black anti-hail nets were applied in an apple orchard (cv. 'Golden Delicious') located in Northeast Portugal. Under the nets a lower concentration of glomalin related-soil proteins was observed, along with an improvement on trees water status, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophylls, N, Mg, Fe and Cu concentrations, as well as an increase in mean fruit weight. The major difference between nets was on the photosynthetic efficiency, being higher on black net in sunny days, while grey net performed better under cloudy conditions. The use of netting systems proved to be effective in improving "Golden Delicious" apple trees performance under a Mediterranean climate, mainly when the radiation reaching the plants surpass the tree saturation point for photosynthesis. Therefore, these findings anticipate solutions for current and forecasted negative effects of climate change.
果园中使用防雹网会改变网下的小气候。这在夏季辐射水平高且气候炎热干燥的苹果种植区可能非常重要。但是，根据网的颜色和当地气候条件，形成的遮荫会引发树木的不同反应。在葡萄牙东北部一个种植“金冠”苹果的果园中使用了灰色和黑色防雹网。在网下观察到与球囊霉素相关的土壤蛋白浓度较低，同时树木的水分状况、气孔导度、净光合速率、总叶绿素、氮、镁、铁和铜浓度有所改善，平均单果重也增加了。两种网之间的主要差异在于光合效率，晴天时黑色网的光合效率较高，而阴天时灰色网表现更好。事实证明，在地中海气候下，使用网系统可有效改善“金冠”苹果树的生长状况，主要是当到达植物的辐射超过树木光合作用饱和点时。因此，这些发现为应对气候变化当前和预测的负面影响提供了解决方案。
