Edens John F, Kelley Shannon E, Lilienfeld Scott O, Skeem Jennifer L, Douglas Kevin S
Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University.
Department of Psychology, Emory University.
Law Hum Behav. 2015 Apr;39(2):123-9. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000105. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
Symptoms of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), particularly remorselessness, are frequently introduced in legal settings as a risk factor for future violence in prison, despite a paucity of research on the predictive validity of this disorder. We examined whether an ASPD diagnosis or symptom-criteria counts could prospectively predict any form of institutional misconduct, as well as aggressive and violent infractions among newly admitted prisoners. Adult male (n = 298) and female (n = 55) offenders were recruited from 4 prison systems across the United States. At the time of study enrollment, diagnostic information was collected using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; APA, 1994) Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997) supplemented by a detailed review of official records. Disciplinary records were obtained from inmates' respective prisons covering a 1-year period following study enrollment and misconduct was categorized hierarchically as any (general), aggressive (verbal/physical), or violent (physical). Dichotomous ASPD diagnoses and adult symptom-criteria counts did not significantly predict institutional misconduct across our 3 outcome variables, with effect sizes being close to 0 in magnitude. The symptom of remorselessness in particular showed no relation to future misconduct in prison. Childhood symptom counts of conduct disorder demonstrated modest predictive utility. Our results offer essentially no support for the claim that ASPD diagnoses can predict institutional misconduct in prison, regardless of the number of adult symptoms present. In forensic contexts, testimony that an ASPD diagnosis identifies defendants who will pose a serious threat while incarcerated in prison presently lacks any substantial scientific foundation.
反社会人格障碍（ASPD）的症状，尤其是毫无悔意，在法律环境中经常被作为监狱中未来暴力行为的一个风险因素提出，尽管对这种障碍的预测效度缺乏研究。我们研究了ASPD诊断或症状标准计数是否能前瞻性地预测任何形式的机构不当行为，以及新入狱囚犯中的攻击和暴力违规行为。成年男性（n = 298）和女性（n = 55）罪犯从美国4个监狱系统招募。在研究入组时，使用《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（第4版；DSM-IV；美国心理学会，1994）轴II人格障碍的结构化临床访谈（SCID-II；First、Gibbon、Spitzer、Williams和Benjamin，1997）收集诊断信息，并辅以对官方记录的详细审查。从囚犯各自的监狱获取了研究入组后1年期间的纪律记录，不当行为被分层分类为任何（一般）、攻击（言语/身体）或暴力（身体）。二分法的ASPD诊断和成人症状标准计数在我们的3个结果变量中均未显著预测机构不当行为，效应大小在数量上接近0。特别是毫无悔意的症状与监狱中未来的不当行为没有关系。儿童期品行障碍症状计数显示出适度的预测效用。我们的结果基本上不支持ASPD诊断可以预测监狱中机构不当行为的说法，无论存在的成人症状数量如何。在法医背景下，关于ASPD诊断能识别出在监狱服刑时会构成严重威胁的被告的证词目前缺乏任何实质性的科学依据。
