School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
Griffith Health Institute and School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Australia.
Environ Int. 2014 Dec;73:295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.007. Epub 2014 Sep 1.
After the nuclear disaster in Fukushima in Japan in 2011, a nation-wide survey using a standardized self-administered questionnaire was conducted in Taiwan, with a sample size of 2,742 individuals including the residents who live within and beyond 30 km from a nuclear power plant (NPP), to evaluate the participants' perceived nuclear risk in comparison with their perceived risks from selected environmental hazards and human behaviors. The three leading concerns of nuclear energy were "nuclear accidents (82.2%)," "radioactive nuclear waste disposal (76.9%)" and "potential health effects (73.3%)." Respondents (77.6%) perceived a higher relative risk of cancer incidence for those who live within 30 km from an NPP than those who live outside 30 km from an NPP. All the participants had a higher risk perception of death related to "nuclear power operation and nuclear waste" than cigarette smoking, motorcycling, food poisoning, plasticizer poisoning and traveling by air. Moreover, the residents in Gongliao where the planned fourth NPP is located had a significantly higher perceived risk ratio (PRR) of cancer incidence (adjusted odd ratio (aOR)=1.84, p value=0.017) and perceived risk of death (aOR=4.03, p value<0.001) related to nuclear energy. The other factors such as female gender (aOR/p value, 1.25/0.026 and 1.34/0.001 respectively), lower education levels (aOR/p value: 1.31/0.032; 2.03/<0.001) and the participants' concerns about nuclear accidents (aOR/p value: 1.33/0.022; 1.51/<0.001) and potential health effects (aOR/ p value: 2.95/ <0.001; 2.56/<0.001) were found to be commonly associated with the PRRs of "cancer incidence" and "perceived risk of death" related to nuclear energy, respectively. In addition, the respondents' concerns about nuclear waste disposal and possible eco-environmental damage made significant contributions (aOR/ p value: 1.39/ 0.001; 1.40/<0.001) to predict their perceived risk of death related to nuclear power. These factors are considered as important indicators and they can be used for suggesting future policy amendments and public referendum on the decision of the operation of the planned NPP.
2011 年日本福岛核灾难后，台湾进行了一项全国性的调查，采用标准化的自我管理问卷，样本量为 2742 人，包括居住在核电站（NPP）内外 30 公里范围内的居民，以评估参与者对核风险的认知与他们对选定的环境危害和人类行为的认知风险相比。核能的三个主要关注点是“核事故（82.2%）”，“放射性核废料处置（76.9%）”和“潜在的健康影响（73.3%）”。受访者（77.6%）认为，居住在距离 NPP 30 公里范围内的人患癌症的相对风险高于居住在距离 NPP 30 公里以外的人。所有参与者对与“核电运行和核废料”有关的死亡风险的认知都高于吸烟、骑摩托车、食物中毒、塑化剂中毒和乘飞机旅行。此外，位于规划中的第四座核电站所在地贡寮的居民对与核能相关的癌症发病率（调整后的比值比[aOR]=1.84，p 值=0.017）和死亡风险（aOR=4.03，p 值<0.001）的感知风险比显著更高。其他因素，如女性（aOR/p 值，1.25/0.026 和 1.34/0.001）、较低的教育水平（aOR/p 值：1.31/0.032；2.03/<0.001）以及参与者对核事故（aOR/p 值：1.33/0.022；1.51/<0.001）和潜在健康影响（aOR/p 值：2.95/<0.001；2.56/<0.001）的关注，也与与核能相关的“癌症发病率”和“感知死亡风险”的 PRR 普遍相关。此外，受访者对核废料处理和可能的生态环境破坏的担忧（aOR/p 值：1.39/0.001；1.40/<0.001），对他们预测与核电相关的死亡风险做出了重要贡献。这些因素被认为是重要的指标，可以用来为未来的政策修订和对规划中的核电站运行的公投提供建议。
