Narvaiza M J, Marcuello A C
Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Rev Esp Fisiol. 1989;45 Suppl:347-58.
The patient with cancer is affected both by the development of the neoplasia and by the toxic action of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, often used at aggressive therapeutic intervals to eradicate tumourous cells. The most serious physiological consequences are the occurrence of gaseous exchange within tissues, the risk of infection and haemorrhage, the change in levels of nutrition and evacuation, the deterioration in tissue structure and oral mucous and the change in sleeping patterns and sense of well-being. As far as psychological, social and emotional problems are concerned, the main difficulties which occur are a sense of anxiety and fear and a change in one's self-image. The present article explains what are the main factors involved in producing the changes in the situations mentioned above and the physiopathological mechanisms underlying them, an understanding of which is essential both to prevent them from occurring and to provide the proper nursing care. Finally, it explains what information should be given to a patient and/or his family in order to help him re-integrate back into his normal environment in periods of remission.
癌症患者不仅受到肿瘤形成的影响，还受到放疗和化疗的毒性作用影响，放疗和化疗常以积极的治疗间隔使用，以根除肿瘤细胞。最严重的生理后果包括组织内气体交换的发生、感染和出血风险、营养和排泄水平的变化、组织结构和口腔黏膜的恶化以及睡眠模式和幸福感的改变。就心理、社会和情感问题而言，主要出现的困难是焦虑和恐惧的感觉以及自我形象的改变。本文解释了导致上述情况变化的主要因素以及其背后的生理病理机制，了解这些对于预防这些情况的发生以及提供适当的护理至关重要。最后，本文解释了应该向患者和/或其家人提供哪些信息，以帮助他在缓解期重新融入正常环境。
