Gentile C, Perrone A, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Livrea M A
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Michele Cipolla 74, 90123, Palermo, Italy,
Eur J Nutr. 2015 Aug;54(5):811-21. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0760-6. Epub 2014 Sep 5.
Dietary approaches to control inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) may include proanthocyanidin-rich foods. Our previous research showed that a hydrophilic extract from Sicilian pistachio nut (HPE) contains substantial amounts of proanthocyanidins and possesses anti-inflammatory activities.
We studied the effects of HPE and of its polymeric proanthocyanidin fraction (PPF) in a cell model that simulated some conditions of IBD, consisting of interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells.
HPE was prepared by Pistacia vera L. nuts, and PPF was isolated from HPE by adsorbance chromatography. Proanthocyanidins were quantified as anthocyanidins after acidic hydrolysis. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated with HPE or PPF and then were exposed to IL-1β. Cell viability and parameters associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were assayed. Adsorption of polymeric proanthocyanidins to the cell membrane was investigated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements.
HPE decreased prostaglandin (PG)E2 production, IL-6 and IL-8 release, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. HPE also inhibited the increase in paracellular permeability and reduced NF-κB activation. Polymeric proanthocyanidins, tested at a concentration comparable with their content in HPE, produced effects comparable to HPE. Finally, cell exposure to PPF increases TEER of the epithelial monolayers.
Our results provide evidence that pistachio nut components inhibit inflammatory response of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and indicate polymeric proanthocyanidins as the major bioactive nut components. The protection implies inhibition of NF-κB activation and occurs in parallel with the adsorption of polymeric proanthocyanidins to cell membrane. Our findings suggest that intake of small amounts of pistachio nut can exert beneficial effects to gastrointestinal pathophysiology.
控制炎症性肠病（IBD）的饮食方法可能包括富含原花青素的食物。我们之前的研究表明，西西里开心果的亲水性提取物（HPE）含有大量原花青素，并具有抗炎活性。
我们在一个模拟IBD某些情况的细胞模型中研究了HPE及其聚合原花青素组分（PPF）的作用，该模型由白细胞介素（IL）-1β刺激的Caco-2细胞组成。
HPE由阿月浑子坚果制备，PPF通过吸附色谱法从HPE中分离出来。酸性水解后，原花青素被定量为花青素。将分化的Caco-2细胞与HPE或PPF预孵育，然后暴露于IL-1β。测定细胞活力以及与核因子-κB（NF-κB）激活相关的参数。通过跨上皮电阻（TEER）测量研究聚合原花青素对细胞膜的吸附。
HPE降低了前列腺素（PG）E2的产生、IL-6和IL-8的释放以及环氧合酶（COX）-2的表达。HPE还抑制了细胞旁通透性的增加并降低了NF-κB的激活。以与它们在HPE中的含量相当的浓度测试的聚合原花青素产生了与HPE相当的效果。最后，细胞暴露于PPF会增加上皮单层的TEER。
我们的结果提供了证据，表明开心果成分在体外抑制肠道上皮细胞的炎症反应，并表明聚合原花青素是主要的生物活性坚果成分。这种保护作用意味着抑制NF-κB的激活，并且与聚合原花青素吸附到细胞膜同时发生。我们的研究结果表明，摄入少量开心果可以对胃肠道病理生理学产生有益影响。
