Tuero Iskra, Robert-Guroff Marjorie
Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Viruses. 2014 Aug 15;6(8):3129-58. doi: 10.3390/v6083129.
An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine trials have targeted these sites or assessed vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in non-human primate models have facilitated progress in mucosal vaccine development by evaluating candidate vaccine approaches, developing methodologies for collecting and assessing mucosal samples, and providing clues to immune correlates of protective immunity for further investigation. In this review we have focused on non-human primate studies which have provided important information for future design of vaccine strategies, targeting of mucosal inductive sites, and assessment of mucosal immunity. Knowledge gained in these studies will inform mucosal vaccine design and evaluation in human clinical trials.
迫切需要一种有效的艾滋病毒疫苗来遏制艾滋病大流行。泰国进行的三期临床疫苗试验所产生的适度保护效果带来了实现这一目标的希望。然而，要取得进一步进展，需要新的方法。由于艾滋病毒主要通过粘膜表面传播，在这些部位产生免疫力至关重要，但很少有临床疫苗试验针对这些部位或评估疫苗引发的粘膜免疫反应。在非人类灵长类动物模型中进行的临床前研究通过评估候选疫苗方法、开发收集和评估粘膜样本的方法以及为保护性免疫的免疫相关性提供进一步研究的线索，促进了粘膜疫苗的开发。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注了非人类灵长类动物研究，这些研究为疫苗策略的未来设计、粘膜诱导部位的靶向以及粘膜免疫的评估提供了重要信息。这些研究中获得的知识将为人类临床试验中的粘膜疫苗设计和评估提供参考。
