California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013 Sep;8(5):376-81. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328363d3a2.
The development of a preventive HIV vaccine remains an unresolved challenge. Animal models that can predict the results of HIV vaccine efficacy trials and identify the immune mechanisms responsible for vaccine protection would be most useful for HIV vaccine development. The purpose of the current review is to critique recent developments in the use of animal models of HIV infection in preclinical studies of AIDS vaccines and to describe how the use of improved animal models can inform the development of an HIV vaccine.
The results of preclinical experiments with candidate HIV vaccines can vary with the SIV challenge virus used. It is now known that there is considerable variability in the neutralization sensitivity and that the level of viral sequence diversity within the challenge stocks varies. This has allowed more realistic preclinical vaccine studies with heterologous vaccine antigens and challenge viruses. Further, the dose of challenge virus and the route of virus challenge can modify the efficacy of candidate vaccines in preclinical studies.
Recent experiments demonstrate that nonhuman primate models of AIDS can reproduce the complex biology of HIV transmission, recapitulate the results of HIV vaccine efficacy trials in humans and be used to identify correlates of protection.
开发预防性 HIV 疫苗仍然是一个未解决的挑战。能够预测 HIV 疫苗功效试验结果并确定疫苗保护相关免疫机制的动物模型，对于 HIV 疫苗的开发将是最有用的。本综述的目的是评价 HIV 感染动物模型在 AIDS 疫苗临床前研究中的最新进展，并描述如何利用改进的动物模型为 HIV 疫苗的开发提供信息。
候选 HIV 疫苗的临床前实验结果可能因 SIV 挑战病毒的不同而有所不同。现在已经知道，中和敏感性存在相当大的差异，而且挑战株中的病毒序列多样性水平也有所不同。这使得使用异源疫苗抗原和挑战病毒进行更现实的临床前疫苗研究成为可能。此外，挑战病毒的剂量和病毒接种途径可以改变候选疫苗在临床前研究中的功效。
最近的实验表明，艾滋病的非人类灵长类动物模型可以再现 HIV 传播的复杂生物学，再现人类 HIV 疫苗功效试验的结果，并可用于确定保护相关性。
