Pathophysiology, epidemiology, and assessment of obesity in adults.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease that results from a combination of both physiological, genetic, and environmental inputs. Obesity is associated with adverse health consequences, including T2DM, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and many types of cancer. The probability of developing adverse health outcomes can be decreased with maintained weight loss of 5% to 10% of current body weight. Body mass index and waist circumference are 2 key measures of body fat. A wide variety of tools are available to assess obesity-related risk factors and guide management.