Azike Chike G, Charpentier Paul A, Lui Edmund M K
Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada,
Pharm Res. 2015 Mar;32(3):876-97. doi: 10.1007/s11095-014-1503-3. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
Polysaccharides constituting about 10% by weight of ginseng root are known to stimulate the immune system but have recently been shown to also suppress induced proinflammatory responses. Our study aims to determine whether American ginseng root polysaccharides (AGRPS) stimulates basal innate immune function and at the same time can suppress response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced proinflammatory response. An in vitro mechanistic study was used to identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS immunomodulatory effects.
The ex vivo and in vivo immunomodulatory effects after oral administration of AGRPS extract was studied in adult rats by measuring cultured alveolar macrophage production of NO and changes of plasma cytokine level, modification of LPS proinflammatory immune response by AGRPS extract was also examined. To identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS extract immunomodulatory effects, the immunobioactivities of the extract fractions (isolated by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography) was investigated in an in vitro mechanistic study.
Culture of alveolar macrophages obtained from AGRPS extract treated rats resulted in an increase of ex vivo production of NO and also reduced alveolar macrophage responsiveness to ex vivo LPS challenge. Oral treatment with AGRPS extract elevated plasma TNF-α concentration in vivo. This treatment also suppressed LPS induced elevation of plasma TNF-α in vivo. AGRPS extract immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects were mediated primarily by acid PS and its species with molecular weights ≥ 100 kDa and 50-100 kDa.
AGRPS extract exerted immunostimulation and suppressed LPS immune response under basal and LPS induced proinflammatory conditions respectively.
已知占人参根重量约10%的多糖可刺激免疫系统，但最近研究表明其也能抑制诱导的促炎反应。我们的研究旨在确定西洋参根多糖（AGRPS）是否能刺激基础天然免疫功能，同时抑制对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的促炎反应。采用体外机制研究来鉴定负责AGRPS免疫调节作用的生物活性组分。
通过测量培养的肺泡巨噬细胞产生的一氧化氮（NO）以及血浆细胞因子水平的变化，研究成年大鼠口服AGRPS提取物后的体内外免疫调节作用，同时检测AGRPS提取物对LPS促炎免疫反应的调节作用。为了鉴定负责AGRPS提取物免疫调节作用的生物活性组分，在体外机制研究中考察了提取物各组分（通过离子交换和尺寸排阻色谱分离）的免疫生物活性。
来自AGRPS提取物处理大鼠的肺泡巨噬细胞培养导致体外NO产生增加，并且降低了肺泡巨噬细胞对体外LPS刺激的反应性。口服AGRPS提取物可提高体内血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度。该处理还抑制了体内LPS诱导的血浆TNF-α升高。AGRPS提取物的免疫刺激和免疫抑制作用主要由酸性多糖及其分子量≥100 kDa和50 - 100 kDa的组分介导。
AGRPS提取物分别在基础和LPS诱导的促炎条件下发挥免疫刺激作用并抑制LPS免疫反应。
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