* Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea.
† Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea.
Am J Chin Med. 2019;47(4):823-839. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X19500435. Epub 2019 May 15.
Ginseng root has been used in traditional oriental medicine for the enhancement of immune system function. The immunostimulatory effects of ginseng berry polysaccharides, however, remain unclear. Effects of polysaccharides from ginseng berry on the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibition of tumors are reported. A crude polysaccharide was isolated from ginseng berry as a ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) and was further fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to obtain the three polysaccharide fractions GBPP-I, -II and -III. GBPP-I consisted of mainly galactose (46.9%) and arabinose (27.5%). GBPP-I showed a high dose-dependent anticomplementary activity. Stimulation of murine peritoneal macrophages by GBPP-I showed the greatest enhancement of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- production. In addition, an assay of natural killer (NK) cell activity showed that oral ( administration of GBPP-I significantly increased NK cell cytotoxicity in YAC-1 tumor cells and production of granzyme B. Prophylactic intravenous ( and administration of GBPP-I significantly and dose-dependently inhibited lung metastatic activity in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Depletion of NK cells after injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 partially abolished the inhibitory effect of GBPP-I on lung metastasis, indicating that NK cells play an important role in anticancer effects. GBPP-I exerts a strong immune-enhancing activity and can prevent cancer metastasis through activation of NK cells and other immune-related cells.
人参根在传统东方医学中被用于增强免疫系统功能。然而，人参浆果多糖的免疫刺激作用尚不清楚。据报道，人参浆果多糖对自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞的激活和肿瘤的抑制作用。从人参浆果中分离出一种粗多糖作为人参浆果多糖部分（GBPP），并进一步通过凝胶过滤色谱法进行分级，得到三种多糖部分 GBPP-I、-II 和-III。GBPP-I 主要由半乳糖（46.9%）和阿拉伯糖（27.5%）组成。GBPP-I 表现出高剂量依赖性抗补体活性。GBPP-I 刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞显示出最强的白细胞介素 (IL)-6 和 IL-12 以及肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF)- 的产生增强。此外，NK 细胞活性测定表明，口服 ( 给予 GBPP-I 可显著增加 YAC-1 肿瘤细胞中的 NK 细胞细胞毒性和颗粒酶 B 的产生。预防性静脉内 ( 给予 GBPP-I 可显著且剂量依赖性地抑制 B16BL6 黑色素瘤细胞的肺转移活性。注射兔抗去唾液酸 GM1 后 NK 细胞耗竭部分消除了 GBPP-I 对肺转移的抑制作用，表明 NK 细胞在抗癌作用中发挥重要作用。GBPP-I 具有很强的免疫增强活性，可通过激活 NK 细胞和其他免疫相关细胞来预防癌症转移。
