Sepolia Shipra, Sepolia Gaurav, Kaur Rupinder, Gautam Devendar Kumar, Jindal Vikas, Gupta Subhash Chander
Department of Periodontics, Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2014 Jul;18(4):488-92. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.138703.
Need for having better esthetics is the new emerging trend seen in patients' demands and expectations. Various periodontal procedures including the mucogingival procedures have been designed to enhance the esthetics. The amount of gingival display of the patient is also an important parameter while considering the esthetics of the patient. Till date, very few studies have been done in which the amount of gingival visibility have been determined. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of visibility of gingiva during natural smile and forced smile in the patients visiting Himachal Dental College and Hospital.
A total of 400 patients (242 females and 158 males), aged between 18 to 49 years, attending the outpatient department of Himachal Dental College, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to age and gender. Clinical photographs of the patients were taken and analyzed according to the following classification: (1) Very high smile line that is more than 2 mm of marginal gingiva visible or more than 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction visible for the reduced but healthy periodontium, (2) high smile line that is between 0 and 2 mm of marginal gingiva visible or between 0 and 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction visible for the reduced but healthy periodontium, (3) average smile line in which only gingival embrasures are visible, (4) low smile line in which gingival embrasures and cementoenamel junction not visible. Examination of the gingiva was done for both natural smile and forced smile.
During smile analysis, the following results were revealed for Natural smile and forced smile. Natural smile analysis revealed following: C1: 1%, C2: 6%, C3: 43.50% and C4 was 49.50%. Forced smile analysis revealed the following: C1: 1%, C2: 15.50%, C3: 59% and C4: 24.50%.
Excessive gingival display is an esthetic concern both to the patient and clinician. Therefore, understanding the etiology and treatment options is crucial for the treatment of such patients. So, it becomes utmost duty of the dentist to see that visual attractiveness of the smile is associated strongly with the health of the periodontium.
对更好美观效果的需求是患者需求和期望中出现的新趋势。包括龈黏膜手术在内的各种牙周手术已被设计用于提升美观度。在考虑患者美观度时，患者牙龈暴露量也是一个重要参数。迄今为止，很少有研究确定牙龈可见量。因此，本研究的目的是评估在喜马偕尔牙科学院和医院就诊的患者自然微笑和强迫微笑时牙龈的可见量。
本研究纳入了喜马偕尔牙科学院门诊部的400名患者（242名女性和158名男性），年龄在18至49岁之间。根据年龄和性别将患者分为两组。拍摄患者的临床照片，并按照以下分类进行分析：（1）非常高的微笑线，即对于健康但牙龈退缩的牙周组织，可见超过2毫米的边缘龈或超过牙骨质釉质界根尖2毫米以上；（2）高微笑线，即对于健康但牙龈退缩的牙周组织，可见0至2毫米的边缘龈或牙骨质釉质界根尖0至2毫米；（3）平均微笑线，即仅可见牙龈间隙；（4）低微笑线，即牙龈间隙和牙骨质釉质界均不可见。对自然微笑和强迫微笑时的牙龈进行检查。
在微笑分析中，自然微笑和强迫微笑呈现出以下结果。自然微笑分析显示：C1：1%，C2：6%，C3：43.50%，C4为49.50%。强迫微笑分析显示：C1：1%，C2：15.50%，C3：59%，C4：24.50%。
牙龈过度暴露对患者和临床医生来说都是一个美观问题。因此，了解病因和治疗选择对于治疗此类患者至关重要。所以，确保微笑的视觉吸引力与牙周健康密切相关是牙医的首要职责。
