Potter David E, Choudhury Mahua
Drug Discov Today. 2014 Dec;19(12):1848-54. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.08.017. Epub 2014 Sep 16.
This short review will highlight recent clinical and basic research that supports the therapeutic utility of ketamine as a rapid-acting, life-saving antidepressant and a versatile analgesic. After 50 years of use as a dissociative anesthetic and misuse as a street drug, ketamine has re-emerged as a useful off-label agent for ameliorating various types of pain and resistant depression. In addition to its ability to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the diverse actions of ketamine might involve epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNA regulation. Thus, ketamine is transitioning from being the pharmacologist's nightmare to one of the most interesting developments in the pharmacology of depression and pain.
这篇简短的综述将重点介绍近期的临床和基础研究，这些研究支持氯胺酮作为一种速效、救命的抗抑郁药和多功能镇痛药的治疗效用。在作为解离性麻醉剂使用了50年并被滥用为街头毒品之后，氯胺酮已重新成为一种有用的非标签药物，可用于缓解各种类型的疼痛和难治性抑郁症。除了抑制N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体的能力外，氯胺酮的多种作用可能涉及表观遗传机制，如微小RNA调节。因此，氯胺酮正从药理学家的噩梦转变为抑郁症和疼痛药理学中最有趣的进展之一。
