Shafizadeh S, Schneider M M, Bouillon B
Klinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke am Klinikum Köln Merheim, Abteilung des Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Klinikums Bergmannsheil Bochum am Standort Köln, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, 51109, Köln, Deutschland,
Chirurg. 2014 Oct;85(10):888-94. doi: 10.1007/s00104-014-2773-3.
Anterior cruciate ligament ruptures represent serious injuries for athletes which are often associated with accompanying injuries and lead to relevant kinematic alterations in the femorotibial roll-glide mechanism of the knee joint. Instability resulting in recurrent giving way events, as well as instability-related meniscal and cartilage lesions can cause functional long-term impairment that may limit the athlete's career. Anterior cruciate ligament replacement is therefore considered to be the gold standard for recovery of physical performance and to prevent secondary meniscal and cartilage damage. Continuous changes in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament have led to a variety of different methods, including graft choice, fixation devices and surgical techniques, which support the consideration of individual requirements of the athlete as well as sport-specific aspects. One of the main factors for restoring stability and the physiological kinematic roll-glide mechanism of the knee is an anatomical tunnel placement as well as a stable graft fixation in the tibia and femur. By achieving of these fundamental technical requirements an early functional rehabilitation and accelerated recovery of neuromuscular skills, strength and coordination can be achieved, so that an early return to sport activities is possible.
前交叉韧带断裂对运动员来说是严重的损伤，常伴有其他损伤，并导致膝关节股胫滚动-滑动机制的相关运动学改变。由此产生的不稳定会导致反复的打软腿事件，以及与不稳定相关的半月板和软骨损伤，这些都会造成长期的功能损害，可能会限制运动员的职业生涯。因此，前交叉韧带置换被认为是恢复身体机能以及预防继发性半月板和软骨损伤的金标准。前交叉韧带重建的不断变化催生了各种不同的方法，包括移植物选择、固定装置和手术技术，这些都有助于考虑运动员的个体需求以及特定运动的各个方面。恢复膝关节稳定性和生理运动滚动-滑动机制的主要因素之一是解剖学隧道的放置以及移植物在胫骨和股骨中的稳定固定。通过满足这些基本技术要求，可以实现早期功能康复以及神经肌肉技能、力量和协调性的加速恢复，从而使运动员能够早日重返运动活动。
