Trendelenburg George
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014 Dec;34(12):1857-67. doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.159. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
Analogous to Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors represent a class of pattern recognition receptors, which are cytosolic and constitute part of different inflammasomes. These large protein complexes are activated not only by different pathogens, but also by sterile inflammation or by specific metabolic conditions. Mutations can cause hereditary autoinflammatory systemic diseases, and inflammasome activation has been linked to many multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Increasing data also support an important role in different central nervous diseases such as stroke. Thus, the current knowledge of the functional role of this intracellular 'master switch' of inflammation is discussed with a focus on its role in ischemic stroke, neurodegeneration, and also with regard to the recent data which argues for a relevant role in other organs or biologic systems which influence stroke incidence or prognosis.
与Toll样受体类似，NOD样受体是一类模式识别受体，位于胞质内，是不同炎性小体的组成部分。这些大型蛋白质复合物不仅可被不同病原体激活，也可被无菌性炎症或特定代谢状况激活。突变可导致遗传性自身炎症性全身性疾病，炎性小体激活与许多多因素疾病有关，如糖尿病或心血管疾病。越来越多的数据也支持其在不同中枢神经疾病（如中风）中发挥重要作用。因此，本文讨论了这种炎症细胞内“主开关”功能作用的当前知识，重点关注其在缺血性中风、神经退行性变中的作用，以及关于其在影响中风发病率或预后的其他器官或生物系统中发挥相关作用的最新数据。
