Magistro G, Stief C G, Gratzke C
Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Universität München - Campus Großhadern, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland,
Urologe A. 2014 Oct;53(10):1482-8. doi: 10.1007/s00120-014-3572-7.
With the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria reaching alarming levels and the year-long developmental void of new antimicrobial drugs, the rational and appropriate use of antibiotics is of paramount importance. The number of surgical interventions is still increasing so that surgical site infections represent the most frequent form of nosocomial infection.
Fundamental hygiene measures as well as aseptic and tissue-preserving surgical techniques are supported by perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections. This is accomplished by a single short-term antibiotic administration at the beginning of or at the latest during the operative intervention. Due to its contribution to the total consumption of antibiotics and when misused to the development of multidrug resistance, an appropriate and controlled perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory.
The indications for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis depend on the type of surgical procedure, the classification of operative wounds as well as individual patient and operation-related risk factors.
随着多重耐药菌的出现达到惊人程度，且新抗菌药物长期处于研发空白，合理且恰当地使用抗生素至关重要。外科手术干预的数量仍在增加，以至于手术部位感染成为医院感染最常见的形式。
基本卫生措施以及无菌和保护组织的外科技术通过围手术期抗生素预防来支持，以防止手术部位感染。这通过在手术干预开始时或最迟在手术期间单次短期给予抗生素来实现。由于其对抗生素总消耗量的影响以及滥用时对多重耐药性发展的影响，适当且可控的围手术期抗生素预防必不可少。
围手术期抗生素预防的适应症取决于外科手术的类型、手术伤口的分类以及个体患者和与手术相关的风险因素。
