Petraglia Anthony L, Dashnaw Matthew L, Turner Ryan C, Bailes Julian E
*Department of Neurosurgery, Rochester Regional Health System, Rochester, New York; ‡Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; §Department of Neurosurgery, The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia; and ¶Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Neurosurgery. 2014 Oct;75 Suppl 4:S34-49. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000472.
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a rising epidemic, affecting millions of people each year. Even though it is the most common type of brain injury, our understanding of the science underlying mild TBI is just in its infancy. There has been an explosion of basic science research interest in mild TBI, as emerging clinical evidence is suggestive that concussion and subconcussion may result in detrimental long-term neurological sequelae, particularly when occurring repetitively. Many animal models have been developed to study the different pathological mechanisms implicated in TBI, and more recently there has been a heightened focus on modeling mild TBI in the laboratory as well. The most widely used models of TBI have been adapted for experimental mild TBI research, although more work still remains. The ability to create improved diagnostic measures and treatment approaches for concussion depend on the development and characterization of clinically relevant models of mild TBI. This review aims to provide a broad general overview of the current efforts to model mild TBI in animals and the challenges and limitations that exist in translating this behavioral, physiological, and anatomic knowledge from the bench to the clinical arena.
轻度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）已成为一种日益严重的流行病，每年影响数百万人。尽管它是最常见的脑损伤类型，但我们对轻度TBI背后的科学理解仍处于起步阶段。随着新出现的临床证据表明脑震荡和亚脑震荡可能导致有害的长期神经后遗症，尤其是反复发生时，基础科学对轻度TBI的研究兴趣激增。已经开发了许多动物模型来研究TBI涉及的不同病理机制，最近在实验室中对轻度TBI建模的关注也有所增加。最广泛使用的TBI模型已被改编用于实验性轻度TBI研究，尽管仍有更多工作要做。为脑震荡创建改进的诊断措施和治疗方法的能力取决于临床相关的轻度TBI模型的开发和特性描述。本综述旨在广泛概述目前在动物中对轻度TBI建模的努力，以及将这种行为、生理和解剖学知识从实验室转化到临床领域所存在的挑战和局限性。
