Murata Hitoshi, Yamada Akiyoshi, Maruyama Tsuyoshi, Neda Hitoshi
Department of Applied Microbiology and Mushroom Science, Forestry & Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan,
Mycorrhiza. 2015 Apr;25(3):237-41. doi: 10.1007/s00572-014-0606-3. Epub 2014 Sep 20.
Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that associates with Pinaceae in the Northern Hemisphere and produces prized "matsutake" mushrooms. We questioned whether the symbiont could associate with a birch that is an early-successional species in boreal, cool-temperate, or subalpine forests. In the present study, we demonstrated that T. matsutake can form typical ectomycorrhizas with Betula platyphylla var. japonica; the associations included a Hartig net and a thin but distinct fungal sheath, as well as the rhizospheric mycelial aggregate "shiro" that is required for fruiting in nature. The in vitro shiro also emitted a characteristic aroma. This is the first report of an ectomycorrhizal formation between T. matsutake and a deciduous broad-leaved tree in the boreal or cool-temperate zones that T. matsutake naturally inhabits.
松口蘑是一种外生菌根担子菌，在北半球与松科植物共生，能产出珍贵的“松茸”蘑菇。我们质疑这种共生菌是否能与桦树形成共生关系，桦树是北方、凉爽温带或亚高山森林中的早期演替物种。在本研究中，我们证明了松口蘑可以与日本白桦形成典型的外生菌根；这种共生关系包括哈蒂氏网和一层薄但明显的真菌鞘，以及自然条件下子实体形成所需的根际菌丝聚集体“菌塘”。体外菌塘还散发着一种独特的香气。这是关于松口蘑与它自然栖息的北方或凉爽温带地区的落叶阔叶树之间形成外生菌根的首次报道。
