Malone Ailish, Manto Mario, Hass Chris
Gait Laboratory, Central Remedial Clinic, Clontarf, Dublin 3, Ireland.
Cerebellum. 2014 Dec;13(6):666-8. doi: 10.1007/s12311-014-0601-4.
Dystonia is a common movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions. These contractions generate twisting and repetitive movements or typical abnormal postures, often exacerbated by voluntary movement. Dystonia can affect almost all the voluntary muscles. For several decades, the discussion on the pathogenesis has been focused on basal ganglia circuits, especially striatal networks. So far, although dystonia has been observed in some forms of ataxia such as dominant ataxias, the link between the cerebellum and dystonia has remained unclear. Recent human studies and experimental data mainly in rodents show that the cerebellum circuitry could also be a key player in the pathogenesis of some forms of dystonia. In particular, studies based on behavioral adaptation paradigm shed light on the links between dystonia and cerebellum. The spectrum of movement disorders in which the cerebellum is implicated is continuously expanding, and manipulation of cerebellar circuits might even emerge as a candidate therapy in the coming years.
肌张力障碍是一种常见的运动障碍，其特征为肌肉持续收缩。这些收缩会产生扭曲和重复性动作或典型的异常姿势，常因自主运动而加剧。肌张力障碍几乎可影响所有自主肌肉。几十年来，关于发病机制的讨论一直集中在基底神经节回路，尤其是纹状体网络。到目前为止，尽管在某些形式的共济失调（如显性共济失调）中已观察到肌张力障碍，但小脑与肌张力障碍之间的联系仍不清楚。最近的人体研究以及主要以啮齿动物为对象的实验数据表明，小脑回路在某些形式的肌张力障碍发病机制中也可能起关键作用。特别是基于行为适应范式的研究揭示了肌张力障碍与小脑之间的联系。涉及小脑的运动障碍谱正在不断扩大，未来几年对小脑回路的操纵甚至可能成为一种候选治疗方法。
